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Journal 10/31/16 Do you think it matters that God gave humans their own world? Would things be different if instead humanity had evolved on some nice Earthlike moon going around… say, Juipiter? Objective Tonight’s Homework To learn about the last outer planets Read 13.2, 13.3, and 13.4 (pp 316-321) Notes on Uranus and Neptune Properties The two outermost planets are small and cold. Both Uranus and Neptune have similar composition and are only 16 times more massive than Earth. Both these planets have less ammonia and more methane than Jupiter and Saturn. This is what gives them their blue color. Notes on Uranus and Neptune These planets have only a few surprises. The biggest is that Uranus is tilted on its side by more than 90 degrees. This gives it very odd seasons. In “fall” and “spring”, the planet rotates in the direction it orbits. This means the side faces the sun. In “winter” and “summer”, one pole faces this sun. This pole gets constant light, while the other side of the planet is in shadow for decades. Notes on Uranus and Neptune Atmospheres This is where things get interesting. The outer planets receive a lot less energy from the sun. As far as we understand, all weather on planets is caused by incoming solar energy. Therefore, Uranus and Neptune should not have weather. When we look at Neptune, though, it has weather. Extreme weather. Winds easily reach speeds of 1,500 km/hr. Why? We don’t know! Notes on Uranus and Neptune Magnetic fields Another thing we understand poorly about these planets is their magnetic fields. In the inner planets, rotating molten metal cores generate magnetic fields. For the gas giants, it’s believed the layers of metallic hydrogen do this. Jupiter and Saturn easily follow this pattern and work. Uranus and Neptune do not. Once again, we do not know why. Notes on Uranus and Neptune Moons Uranus and Neptune both have a large number of moons, most of which are airless and composed of ice/rock mix. One interesting moon, though, is Uranus’ moon Miranda. While small, this moon is interesting. The moon is covered with a mass of crazy jumbled terrain. Our best guess is that this moon fractured from an impact at one point and reassembled with the pieces all broken and rotated. Notes on Uranus and Neptune Neptune has one moon of interest, Triton. By this distance from the sun, most objects are very cold. Triton is the coldest known body in the solar system at an average temperature of 35 K. Temperatures this cold create some very odd effects. Triton is volcanically active. However, the volcanoes are made of ice and water rather than rock and lava. These “cryovolcanoes” erupt liquid water, which quickly freezes on the surface. Notes on Uranus and Neptune Rings The last feature to discuss are the rings of Uranus and Neptune. Saturn isn’t the only planet with rings. In fact, Jupiter has rings as well. However, the rings of the gas giants besides Saturn are thin and usually broken into segments. They’re also made of much darker, dirtier ice that absorbs most light, so they are hardly visible. Solar System Travel Brochure We’re going to start a week-long project today designed to let you explore the Solar System in more detail. We’re going to do this by imagining it’s the far future. Mankind has colonized space and can safely transport people to other places in the solar system. Your job is going to be to create a tourist brochure for a location in the Solar System where you’ve set up a tourist trap. A point of interest that people would want to pay money to see or experience. Let’s talk about how we’re going to make this educational and gradeable. Solar System Travel Brochure Requirements: 1) Choose a place in the Solar System. It can be anywhere. We’ve discussed lots of places, but there are plenty others we haven’t. 2) Pick an activity or feature that would be interesting. EX: Mars Ski down the slopes of Mount Olympus! 3) Collect scientific information. You need to give the tourist details about what they may encounter in this place. Include temperature, gravity, the amount and type of atmosphere, surface geology, special features, etc… 4) Facility information. How will your facility operate and protect people from harsh conditions? Example: If you build on Venus, come up with some semi-realistic way you could protect from the heat. Solar System Travel Brochure 5) Sell the Location. What’s going to be here that’s worth the money and time of the tourist? With our Mars example, we would want to add other stuff. Maybe glider rides from the peak, or an expansive lobby from which to watch global dust storms when Martian weather gets nasty. SELL IT. Making something look appealing is a skill you NEED. 6) Set a price. This only needs to be a little realistic, but I want to make sure you have a rough idea of the scale of things it would take to make something like this realistic. How many visitors would you expect a year / be able to handle? Solar System Travel Brochure So here’s the points breakdown: 1) Location 10%. Pick somewhere interesting! 2) Activities 20%. Show that you know and understand the appeal of the location. Use it to the fullest. Essentially, you get points here if you make Mr. C. wish it was real. 3) Scientific Info 30%. Remember, this is school. Learn 4) Facility Info 20%. Show that you understand both safety and realism in designing your destination. 5) Sell It 10%. Make everything look good. Art, presentation, and neatness count here. 6) Price 10%. If your place is too opulent and your prices way too high, you’ll lose points here. Try to keep things real. Your final turn in will be a paper folded into a brochure! Exit Question Why do Uranus and Neptune have off-center magnetic fields? a) Their cores are off-center b) The magnetic material is off-center c) Their rings distort the shape of the field d) The moons change the center of the field e) We don’t know f) None of the above