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Lab # 12 Ventricles, CSF, and Cranial Nerves The Ventricles of the Brain Lateral ventricles Interventricular foramen Third ventricle Mesencephalic aqueduct Fourth ventricle Central canal Septum It separates the pelucidum lateral ventricles. Interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro) It communicates the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle. Cerebral or Mesencephalic aqueduct It communicates the third ventricles with the fourth ventricle. Lateral and medial (no shown) apertures Central canal They connect the fourth ventricle with the subarachnoid space. FUNCTIONS OF THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID 1- Cushioning delicate neural structures 2- Supporting the brain 3- Transporting -Nutrients -Chemical messengers - Waste products CHOROID PLEXUS A network of specialized ependymal cells and permeable capillaries involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid CSF BLOOD Lateral ventricles Third ventricle Aqueduct of midbrain Fourth ventricle Lateral and medial apertures They connect the fourth ventricle with the subarachnoid space. Sub- arachnoid space. Central canal The Cranial Nerves Three are sensory nerves: Olfactory nerve (smell), optic nerve (vision), and vestibulocochlear nerve (hearing and equilibrium) Four are mixed nerves: Trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and vagus nerve. Five are motor nerves: Oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, hypoglossal nerve, and accessory nerve. From olfactory nerve I Olfactory bulb Optic chiasm Olfactory tract Optic nerve (II) Sensory. It provides for the sense of smell. Sensory. It provides for the sense of vision. Oculomotor nerve (III) Motor. It innervates four of the six extraocular muscles that move the eyes, the muscle that open the eyelid, the muscle that constricts the pupil, and the muscle that changes the shape of the lens for accommodation. Trochlear nerve (IV) Motor. It innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye. Mixed. It provides sensory innervation to the face, and motor innervation Trigeminal nerve (V) to the muscles of mastication. Motor. It innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye. Abducens nerve (VI) Mixed. It provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, and sensory innervation to taste to the anterior two thirds of tongue. Facial nerve (VII) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Sensory. It provides for the senses of hearing and equilibrium. Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Mixed. It provides motor innervation to the muscles of pharynx, and sensory for taste to the posterior third of the tongue. Vagus nerve (X) Mixed. It provides sensory fibers to skin of head and to the pharynx. It provides motor fibers to muscles of speech and swallowing. It innervates most of thoracic and abdominal viscera (parasympathetic nervous system). Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Accessory nerve (XI) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Motor. It innervates the muscles that move the tongue. Motor. It innervates the muscles that move the head and neck (trapezius, sternocleidomastoid).