Download LAB 12 VENTRICLES and CRANIAL NERVES

Lab # 12
Ventricles, CSF, and
Cranial Nerves
The Ventricles of the Brain
Lateral ventricles
Interventricular
foramen
Third
ventricle
Mesencephalic
aqueduct
Fourth ventricle
Central canal
Septum It separates the
pelucidum lateral ventricles.
Interventricular foramen
(foramen of Monro)
It communicates the
lateral ventricles with
the third ventricle.
Cerebral or
Mesencephalic
aqueduct
It communicates the third
ventricles with the fourth
ventricle.
Lateral and medial (no
shown) apertures
Central
canal
They connect the fourth
ventricle with the subarachnoid space.
FUNCTIONS OF THE CEREBROSPINAL
FLUID
1- Cushioning delicate neural
structures
2- Supporting the brain
3- Transporting
-Nutrients
-Chemical messengers
- Waste products
CHOROID PLEXUS
A network of specialized ependymal cells
and permeable capillaries involved in the
production of cerebrospinal fluid
Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid
CSF
BLOOD
Lateral ventricles
Third
ventricle
Aqueduct of
midbrain
Fourth ventricle
Lateral and medial
apertures
They connect the fourth
ventricle with the subarachnoid space.
Sub- arachnoid
space.
Central canal
The Cranial Nerves
Three are sensory nerves: Olfactory nerve (smell), optic nerve (vision), and vestibulocochlear
nerve (hearing and equilibrium)
Four are mixed nerves: Trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and vagus nerve.
Five are motor nerves: Oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, hypoglossal nerve,
and accessory nerve.
From
olfactory
nerve I
Olfactory bulb
Optic chiasm
Olfactory tract
Optic nerve (II)
Sensory. It provides for the sense of smell.
Sensory. It provides for the sense of vision.
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Motor. It innervates four of the six extraocular muscles that move the
eyes, the muscle that open the eyelid, the muscle that constricts the pupil,
and the muscle that changes the shape of the lens for accommodation.
Trochlear nerve (IV) Motor. It innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye.
Mixed. It provides sensory innervation to the face, and motor innervation
Trigeminal nerve (V) to the muscles of mastication.
Motor. It innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.
Abducens nerve (VI)
Mixed. It provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, and
sensory innervation to taste to the anterior two thirds of tongue.
Facial nerve (VII)
Vestibulocochlear
nerve (VIII)
Sensory. It provides for the senses of hearing and equilibrium.
Glossopharyngeal
nerve (IX)
Mixed. It provides motor innervation to the muscles of pharynx, and sensory
for taste to the posterior third of the tongue.
Vagus nerve (X)
Mixed. It provides sensory fibers to skin of head and to the pharynx. It provides
motor fibers to muscles of speech and swallowing. It innervates most of thoracic
and abdominal viscera (parasympathetic nervous system).
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Accessory nerve (XI)
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Motor. It innervates the muscles that move the tongue.
Motor. It innervates the muscles that move the head and neck (trapezius,
sternocleidomastoid).