Download 國立高雄師範大學102學年度學士班轉學生招生考試試題

國立高雄師範大學 102 學年度學士班轉學生招生考試試題
系所別：生 物 科 技 系 二 年 級
科
目：普 通 生 物 學
※注意：1.不必抄題，作答時請將試題題號及答案依照順序寫在答案卷上，於本試題
上作答者，不予計分。
2.限用藍色或黑色之鋼筆、原子筆作答，以鉛筆或其他顏色作答者不予計分。
選擇題（100％，每小題 2％）
1.
2.
A variation of a gene is called a(n) _______.
(A) species
(B) Morph
(C) Genome
(D) Allele
(E) proteome
The alternative pathways of photosynthesis using the C4 or CAM systems are said to be
compromises. Why?
(A) Each one minimizes both water loss and rate of photosynthesis.
(B) C4 compromises on water loss and CAM compromises on photorespiration.
(C) Both minimize photorespiration but expend more ATP during carbon fixation.
(D) CAM plants allow more water loss, while C4 plants allow less CO2 into the plant.
(E) C4 plants allow less water loss but CAM plants allow more water loss.
3.
4.
5.
In plant roots, the Casparian strip is correctly described by which of the following?
(A) It aids in the uptake of nutrients.
(B) It provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex.
(C) It ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts.
(D) It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane
before entering the stele.
(E) It provides increased surface area for the absorption of mineral nutrients.
A characteristic that an organism displays is called __________.
(A) A gene
(B) A chromosome
(C) DNA
(D) Gene expression
The general purpose of the synaptonemal complex is to __________.
(A) Provide a link between homologous chromosomes in meiosis
(B) To enable the reformation of the cell wall during cytokinesis
(C) To separate the sister chromatids during anaphase
(D) To independently assort the chromosomes during metaphase of meiosis
(E) None of the answers are correct
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(E) A trait
系所別：生 物 科 技 系 二 年 級
科
目：普 通 生 物 學
6.
Which of the following would likely not contribute to the surface area available for water
absorption from the soil by a plant root system?
(A) root hairs
(B) endodermis
(C) mycorrhizae
(D) fungi associated with the roots
(E) fibrous arrangement of the roots
7.
In an experiment studying photosynthesis performed during the day, you provide a plant with
radioactive carbon (14C) dioxide as a metabolic tracer. The 14C is incorporated first into
oxaloacetate. The plant is best characterized as a
(A) C4 plant. (B) C3 plant.
(C) CAM plant.
8.
(D) heterotroph.
(E) chemoautotroph.
In a dihybrid cross of two heterozygous individuals, you expect a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in
the offspring, but observe a ratio of 9:7. What is the most likely explantation?
(A) Codominace
(B) It is a sex-limited trait
(C) Simple Mendelian inheritance
(D) Incomplete penetrance
(E) Epistatic interactions of the two genes
9. The production of gene families, such as the globin genes is the result of ________.
(A) Inversions
(B) Deficiencies
(C) Gene duplications
(D) Simple translocations
(E) None of the answers are correct
10. The multiple effects of a single gene on the phenotype of an organism is called _______.
(A) Epistasis
(B) penetrance
(C) Expressivity
(D) Overdominance
(E) Pleiotropy
11. In a dihybrid testcross, the individual being examined is crossed to which of the following?
(A) An individual who is homozygous dominant for one trait but not the other
(B) Self-fertilized
(C) An individual who is homozygous recessive for both traits
(D) An individual who is heterozygous for both traits
(E) None of the answers are correct
12. Which of the following is the correct sequence during the alternation of generations life cycle
in a flowering plant?
(A) sporophyte → meiosis → gametophyte → gametes → fertilization → diploid zygote
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系所別：生 物 科 技 系 二 年 級
科
目：普 通 生 物 學
(B) sporophyte → mitosis → gametophyte → meiosis → sporophyte
(C) haploid gametophyte → gametes → meiosis → fertilization → diploid sporophyte
(D) sporophyte → spores → meiosis → gametophyte → gametes
(E) haploid sporophyte → spores → fertilization → diploid gametophyte
13. If over several generations a trait does not vary in a group of organisms, that group can be
called a _______.
(A) dihybrid
(B) hybrid
(C) true-breeding line
(D) variant
(E) cross-fertilized line
14. Sickle-cell anemia in humans is an example of ________________.
(A) Codominance
(B) Incomplete penetrance
(C) Heterozygous advantage
(D) Multiple allele systems
(E) None of the answers are correct
15. The total number of genes in a species' genome is not necessarily a good indicator of
biological complexity because
(A) most genes are never turned on.
(B) many genes are repeats.
(C) this does not take into account the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA.
(D) this does not take into account mRNA-mRNA interactions.
(E) this does not take into account protein-mRNA interactions.
16. Phenylketonuria in humans is an example of __________.
(A) Incomplete penetrance
(B) Codominance
(C) An environmental-influenced trait
(D) Incomplete dominance
(E) All of the answers are correct
17. In the gene that affects snail coiling, the _____ is responsible for the phenotype of the
offspring.
(A) Mother's phenotype
(B) offspring's genotype
(C) Mother's genotype
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系所別：生 物 科 技 系 二 年 級
科
目：普 通 生 物 學
(D) Father's genotype
(E) None of the answers are correct
18. Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant?
(A) mesophyll cells of the leaf
(B) xylem vessels in leaves
(C) xylem vessels in roots
(D) cells of the root cortex
(E) root hairs
19. If an organism has five pairs of chromosomes, how many chromosomal combinations are
possible at metaphase I of meiosis?
(A) 52
(B) 105
(C) 510
(D) 25
(E) None of the answers are correct
20. Studies of X-linked inheritance and sex chromosomes provided the evidence for which of the
following?
(A) Chromosomal theory of inheritance
(B) Particulate theory of inheritance
(C) Theory of natural selection
(D) Law of segregation
(E) Principle of sex chromosome dominance
21. Which of the following would be the most effective strategy to remove toxic heavy metals
from a soil?
(A) heavy irrigation to leach out the heavy metals
(B) application of fertilizers to compete with heavy metal uptake
(C) application of sulfur to lower the soil pH and precipitate the heavy metals
(D) adding plant species that have the ability to take up and volatilize heavy metals
(E) inoculating soil with mycorrhizae to avoid heavy metal uptake
22. Which of the following is derived from the ground tissue system?
(A) root hair
(B) cuticle
(C) periderm
(D) pith
(E) phloem
23. In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?
(A) thylakoid membrane only
(B) plasma membrane only
(C) inner mitochondrial membrane only
(D) thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane
(E) thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane
24. Most of the water taken up by a plant is
(A) used as a solvent.
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系所別：生 物 科 技 系 二 年 級
科
目：普 通 生 物 學
(B) used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis.
(C) lost during transpiration.
(D) converted to CO2.
(E) used to keep cells turgid.
25. The figure shows the record of annual productivity (measured
in kilograms of cotton per hectare of land) since 1960 in a
cotton field. What is the most likely cause of the decline in
productivity?
(A) The farmer used the wrong kind of fertilizer.
(B) The cotton is developing a resistance to the fertilizer and to
irrigation water.
(C) Water has accumulated in the soil due to irrigation.
(D) The soil water potential has become more negative due to
salination.
(E) The rate of photosynthesis has declined due to irrigation.
26. Which of the following is characterized by a cell releasing a signal molecule into the
environment, followed by a number of cells in the immediate vicinity responding?
(A) hormonal signaling
(B) autocrine signaling
(C) paracrine signaling
(D) endocrine signaling
(E) synaptic signaling
27. Of the following, a receptor protein in a membrane that recognizes a chemical signal is most
similar to
(A) the active site of an allosteric enzyme that binds to a specific substrate.
(B) tRNA specifying which amino acids are in a polypeptide.
(C) a metabolic pathway operating within a specific organelle.
(D) an enzyme having an optimum pH and temperature for activity.
(E) an antibody in the immune system.
28. How do we describe transformation in bacteria?
(A) the creation of a strand of DNA from an RNA molecule
(B) the creation of a strand of RNA from a DNA molecule
(C) the infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule
(D) the type of semiconservative replication shown by DNA
(E) assimilation of external DNA into a cell
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系所別：生 物 科 技 系 二 年
科
續翻背面）
目：普 通 生 物 學
29. Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the following
reasons?
(A) Prokaryotic chromosomes have histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not.
(B) Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic
chromosomes have many.
(C) The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes.
(D) Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not.
(E) Prokaryotes have telomeres, and eukaryotes do not.
30. To repair a thymine dimer by nucleotide excision repair, in which order do the necessary
enzymes act?
(A) exonuclease, DNA polymerase III, RNA primase
(B) helicase, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase
(C) DNA ligase, nuclease, helicase
(D) DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III, DNA ligase
(E) endonuclease, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase
31. Which of the following provides some evidence that RNA probably evolved before DNA?
(A) RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template.
(B) RNA polymerase makes a single-stranded molecule.
(C) RNA polymerase does not require localized unwinding of the DNA.
(D) DNA polymerase uses primer, usually made of RNA.
(E) DNA polymerase has proofreading function.
32. Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in
prokaryotes?
(A) RNA polymerase transcribes through the polyadenylation signal, causing proteins to
associate with the transcript and cut it free from the polymerase.
(B) RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to
separate from the DNA and release the transcript.
(C) RNA polymerase transcribes through an intron, and the snRNPs cause the polymerase to
let go of the transcript.
(D) Once transcription has initiated, RNA polymerase transcribes until it reaches the end of
the chromosome.
(E) RNA polymerase transcribes through a stop codon, causing the polymerase to stop
advancing through the gene and release the mRNA.
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系所別：生 物 科 技 系 二 年 級
科
目：普 通 生 物 學
33. Though plants, fungi, and prokaryotes all have cell walls, we place them in different taxa.
Which of these observations comes closest to explaining the basis for placing these organisms
in different taxa, well before relevant data from molecular systematics became available?
(A) Some closely resemble animals, which lack cell walls.
(B) Their cell walls are composed of very different biochemicals.
(C) Some have cell walls only for support.
(D) Some have cell walls only for protection from herbivores.
(E) Some have cell walls only to control osmotic balance.
34. Prokaryotic ribosomes differ from those present in eukaryotic cytosol. Because of this, which
of the following is correct?
(A) Some antibiotics can block protein synthesis in bacteria without effects in the eukaryotic
host.
(B) Eukaryotes did not evolve from prokaryotes.
(C) Translation can occur at the same time as transcription in eukaryotes but not in
prokaryotes.
(D) Some antibiotics can block the synthesis of peptidoglycan in the walls of bacteria.
(E) Prokaryotes are able to use a much greater variety of molecules as food sources than can
eukaryotes.
35. In general, what is the primary ecological role of prokaryotes?
(A) parasitizing eukaryotes, thus causing diseases
(B) breaking down organic matter
(C) metabolizing materials in extreme environments
(D) adding methane to the atmosphere
(E) serving as primary producers in terrestrial environments
36. The functional significance of porous septa in certain fungal hyphae is most similar to that
represented by which pair of structures in animal cells and plant cells, respectively?
(A) desmosomes—tonoplasts
(B) gap junctions—plasmodesmata
(C) tight junctions—plastids
(D) centrioles—plastids
(E) flagella—central vacuoles
37. Which of the following statements is true of deuteromycetes?
(A) They are the second of five fungal phyla to have evolved.
(B) They represent the phylum in which all the fungal components of lichens are classified.
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(C) They are the group of fungi that have, at present, no known sexual stage.
系所別：生 物 科 技 系 二 年 級
（背面有題
科
續翻背面）
目：普 通 生 物 學
(D) They are the group that includes molds, yeasts, and lichens.
(E) They include the imperfect fungi that lack hyphae.
38. The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a
(A) unicellular chytrid.
(B) unicellular yeast.
(C) multicellular algae.
(D) multicellular fungus.
(E) flagellated protist.
39. Which of the following genetic processes may be most helpful in accounting for the Cambrian
explosion?
(A) binary fission
(B) mitosis
(C) random segregation
(D) gene duplication
(E) chromosomal condensation
40. What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from
earliest to most recent? (1. tetrapods, 2. vertebrates, 3. deuterostomes, 4. amniotes, 5.
bilaterians)
(A) 5 → 3 → 2 → 4 → 1
(B) 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4
(C) 5 → 3 → 4 → 2 → 1
(D) 3 → 5 → 4 → 2 → 1
(E) 3 → 5 → 2 → 1 → 4
41. At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo
from a triploblastic embryo?
(A) fertilization (B) cleavage (C) gastrulation (D) coelom formation (E) metamorphosis
42. Phylogenetic trees are best described as
(A) true and inerrant statements about evolutionary relationships.
(B) hypothetical portrayals of evolutionary relationships.
(C) the most accurate representations possible of genetic relationships among taxa.
(D) theories of evolution.
(E) the closest things to absolute certainty that modern systematics can produce.
43. Which of the following is true of members of the phylum Cnidaria?
(A) They are not capable of locomotion because they lack true muscle tissue.
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(B) They are primarily filter feeders.
系所別：生 物 科 技 系 二 年 級
科
目：普 通 生 物 學
(C) They have either, or both, of two body forms: mobile polyps and sessile medusae.
(D) They may use a gastrovascular cavity as a hydrostatic skeleton.
(E) They are the simplest organisms with a complete alimentary canal (two openings).
44. Which mollusc clade includes members that undergo embryonic torsion?
(A) chitons (B) bivalves (C) gastropods (D) cephalopods
(E) none of these
45. The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a
pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which
phylum does the heartworm belong?
(A) Platyhelminthes
(B) Arthropoda
(C) Acoela
(D) Annelida
(E) Nematoda
46. Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic?
(A) Mollusca
(B) Crustacea (C) Echinodermata (D) Nematoda (E) Platyhelminthes
47. Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?
(A) lampreys
(B) chondrichthyans
(C) ray-finned fishes
(D) lungfishes
(E) placoderms
48. A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was
(A) the appearance of jaws.
(B) the appearance of bony vertebrae.
(C) feet with digits.
(D) the mineralization of the endoskeleton.
(E) the amniotic egg.
49. In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?
(A) chondrichthyans, osteichthyans, and mammals
(B) amphibians, mammals, and reptiles
(C) chondrichthyans, osteichthyans, and reptiles
(D) reptiles and mammals
(E) reptiles and amphibians
50. The presence of a swim bladder allows the typical ray-finned fish to stop swimming and still
(A) effectively circulate its blood.
(B) be highly maneuverable.
(C) use its lateral line system.
(D) use its swim bladder as a respiratory organ.
(E) not sink.
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