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Digestive System You ARE What You Eat! Objective: To learn the structure and function of the Digestive System Bell Work: Place the following in order according to the path that food takes through your body: STOMACH LARGE INTESTINE RECTUM ESOPHAGUS ANUS MOUTH INTESTINE © 2014 GettingSMALL Nerdy, LLC Your cells need nutrients found in food 1. Provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair: Proteins (meats), Carbohydrates (sugars = energy), Fats (Lipids), Vitamins, Minerals, and Water 2. Maintain homeostasis 3. No food has every nutrient, so eat a variety of foods © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC + FUNCTION: breaks food down into small molecules that are absorbed into bloodstream 1. Mechanical digestion: PHYSICAL process: food is chewed, mixed and churned 2. Chemical digestion: CHEMICAL process: food is turned into a mushy substance using stomach acid, bile, saliva, & other enzymes (proteins that speed up chemical reactions) © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1. Accessory organs: food DOES NOT pass through. Includes tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, & pancreas 2. Digestive tract: food DOES pass through. Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum & anus © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC 1. Digestion begins NOW! Mouth: tongue, teeth, & saliva change food into soft mass (bolus) © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC 2. Esophagus: tube moves stomach peristalsis contractions) © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC muscular food to using (muscle 3. Stomach: muscular sac that turns food into a thin, watery liquid called chyme a. Mechanical digestion by peristalsis b. Chemical digestion by digestive juices/enzymes © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC 4. Small Intestine: long tube (small diameter) that functions in chemical digestion and nutrient absorption © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC Each villus is composed of cells that have microvilli. Lined with Cells transport villi: finger-like nutrients to the projections bloodstream through capillary beds to be distributed to the body cells © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC Capillary bed Microvilli LET’S COMPARE… IfThe thegathering small intestine were simple smooth without of the intestinal wallainto folds lined with villitube increases the surface area tremendously – imagine that would the foldsbe are the a string and you folds and villi, the surface area inside of are pulling on the end with the arrow. It would unravel to a length much the tube as seen below. greater than that of the smooth tube. In fact, it’s surface area is comparable to a tennis court! © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC * Accessory Organs of Small Intestine: a. Liver: large red-brown organ that makes bile b. Gallbladder: stores bile which is released into the S.I. and helps break down fat c. Pancreas: makes digestive enzymes & insulin which regulates blood sugar © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC 5. Large intestine: absorbs water from undigested chyme a. Chyme can be in L.I. as long as three days b. Appendix: sac attached to the L.I. that is now known to provide immune support in the body 6. Rectum & anus: control release of solid waste (feces) from body © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC