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ECOLOGY BY: ROSE PULIRE, AVERY TIMAR, HOPE SPENCER, NATALIE PIERPOINT SPECIES POPULATION • All individuals of a species • Example: Each and every yellow tuna fish in the species of yellow tuna fish HABITAT • A natural home or environment of an animal or plant or another organism • Physical location where these plants and animals can live • Example: A Red Eyed Tree Frog habitat is the rain forest Habitat for Polar Bears Habitat for Red Eyed Tree Frogs COMPETITION • The activity or condition of competing • Example: Sea Lions compete to be the kind of the island with all the female sea lions COMMUNITY • A group of populations that live in a particular area and interact with one another. • Example: Fish, whales, sharks, and underwater plants all live in the ocean as a community COMMENSALISM • an association between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other neither derives neither benefits or harmed • Example: The Crocodiles lets the Hippos chew or lick their spine, the Crocodiles aren’t benefited or harmed but the Hippos are benefitted PREY • An animal that is eaten by a predator • Example: Fish are the prey to a Shark Prey MUTUALISM • An interaction between two species that benefit both • Example: The Crocodile and Plover bird benefit because the bird gets to eat the food in the crocodiles teeth and the crocodile gets a nice mouth cleaning and is free for infection LIMITING FACTORS • Any factor or condition that limits the growth of a population and an ecosystem. • Example: A large population of predators will limit the population of prey One of the most influential factors in dictated population size is the predator/prey relationship changes in one cause changes in the other. PIONEER SPECIES • Are the first living things to move into previously damaged ecosystem. • Example: Moss and lichen move in after a glacier retreats Lichen and Moss CARRYING CAPACITY • The number or quantity of people or things that can be conveyed or held by a vehicle or containers • Example: Largest amount of animals that an environment can hold How much people the room can hold How much the bucket can hold is the carrying capacity PREDATOR • An animal that naturally preys on others • Example: Wolf and Moose, the wolf is the predator and the moose is the prey. Predator http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/cobra-vs-mongoose-predation SUCCESSION • is the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time • Example: A change from a field to a forest Plant Succession NICHE • a position or role taken by a kind of organism within its community. • Example: The shape of the bill of the Purplethroated Carib is complementary to the shape of the flower, enabling it to exploit the nectar as a resource. PARASITISM • non-mutual symbiotic relationship between species, where one species, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host. • Example: Ticks and Dogs SYMBIOSIS • close and often long-term interaction between two or more different biological species • Example: Clown Fish and Anemone