Download The Human Body - St. Aloysius School

The Human Body
Study Guide
Name: _________________________________#________
Test on:________
1. The cell is the basic unit of all living things. Each of the body's cells is able to
take in food, get rid of waste, and grow.
2. The body has many different kinds of cells, such as blood cells, skeletal cells,
muscle cells, nerve cells, etc.
3. Tissue is a group of cells that look alike and work together to do a certain
job.
4. An organ consists of 2 or more kinds of tissue joined into one structure that
has a certain task, such as the heart, skin, lungs, etc.
5. A system is a group of organs that work together to perform a job. Examples
of body systems are as follows: skeletal system, muscular system, nervous
system, etc.)
6. The skeleton of the average adult has 206 bones.
7. The skeleton forms the strong framework that supports the body.
8. The skeleton also helps protect the internal organs. For example, the
cranium or skull protects the brain, the rib cage and sternum protect the
heart and lungs, and the spine protects the spinal cord.
9. The sternum is the bone in the center of your chest that connects the ribs;
also known as the breastbone.
10. The scapula is each one of the two large, flat rectangular bones in your
back that helps your arms move easily; also known as the shoulder blades.
11. The pelvis is the bone that is known as the hipbone.
12. The fibula is the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg that runs from the
knee to the ankle.
13. The tibia is the larger of the two bones in the lower leg that runs from the
knee to the ankle.
14. Ribs are bones that curve around your torso to protect heart and lungs.
15. The place where bones meet is called a joint.
16. A hinge joint helps you bend your knee, jaw, and elbow.
17. Ball-and-socket joints help you move your shoulders and hips.
18. A pivot or universal joint allows you to turn your neck.
19. Cartilage is a tough, rubbery tissue that makes up part of a skeleton.
Examples of cartilage are your ears and tip of your nose.
20. A ligament is a strong, flexible tissue that connects a bone to other bones
or cartilage and helps to support joints.
21. Bone tissue helps keep the blood healthy.
22. The cells of red bone marrow (the soft, fatty core of many bones) produce
new blood cells and release them into the bloodstream.
23. Some bones store minerals that help the body work.
24. The skeleton works together with the muscles to enable the body to
move.
25. A muscle is body tissue that moves parts of the body.
26. The body has more than 600 muscles.
27. When a muscle contracts, it pulls the tissue to which it is attached. Muscles
cannot push. They can only pull.
28. A tendon is a strong cord of tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.
29. The Achilles tendon is a tendon at the back of the ankle that connects
the calf muscles and the heel.
30. Nerves in the muscles receive messages from the brain. These messages
tell the muscles when to pull and when to rest.
31. A muscle is tissue that works with the skeleton to make movement
possible.
32. Muscles are either skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, or cardiac muscles.
33. Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones and can be consciously
controlled. They are called voluntary muscles.
34. Strong bands called tendons hold the muscles to the bones.
35. Smooth muscles are found in most of the body's internal organs, such as in
the walls of the stomach and the intestines. They control the width of the
blood vessels and the size of the breathing passages. They are called
involuntary muscles.
36. Cardiac muscles are found only in the heart.