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Chapters 6-7 Section 1-Slavery, states’rights, and western expansion Slavery divides the nation Wilmot Proviso seeks to limit slavery in Mexican Cession Senate votes no, but South upset Northern view of slavery- little contact or opinion, a few abolitionistsSouthern view of slaver-Gov intended, necessary to economy and North’s free labor system worse Election of 1848Free Soil Party-Martin Van Buren vs Democrat Lewis Cass vs Whig Zachary Taylor A Compromise Avoids a Crisis California gold rush leads to a request to enter the Union Uproar a threat to slavery and South upset Clays Compromise of 1850 1. California admitted as a free state 2. New Mexico and Utah territories decide slavery question by popular sovereignty 3. Slave trade ends in Washington D.C. 4. Congress would pass a strict Fugitive Slave Law 5. Texas gives up claim to New Mexican land for $10,000,000 Webster and Calhoun debate Calhoun- fears that slavery will split the Union. Clay’s compromise not enough protection for the South. If not submit to South’s demands then secessionWebster-rally for unity, accept Clay’s compromise, popular sovereignty helps south-”I speak …not as a Massachusetts man, nor as a Northern man, but as an American,… Stephen Douglas takes over and passes each part of the compromise separately. Laws are signed by new President Millard Fillmore (Taylor who didn’t support it had died-not good to be a Whig Pres) Sect 2 A Rising Tide of Protest and Violence Resistance against the Fugitive Slave Act • personal liberty laws- •Resistance and violence Christiana Riot-Pa. free African Americans protecting fugitive slaves, bystanders refuse to intervene. •Underground Railroad•Harriet Tubman •Harriet Beecher Stowe-1852-publishesUncle Tom’s Cabin-a condemnation of slavery which infuriates the South and rouses the North’s abolitionist spirit. Missouri Compromise, 1820 no slavery north of 36 30 in Louisiana Territory except Missouri Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 California free state Popular sovereignty in Kansas Popular sovereignty in New and Nebraska territories Overturned Missouri Compromise Led to Republican Party Mexico and Utah territories Stricter Fugitive Slave Act No slave trade in Washington D.C. “Bleeding Kansas” •Two governments established-one proslavery (Lecompton)and one antislavery (Topeka) •Constitutions written for both and both petitioned for statehood in 1856 •1856 proslavery raid on antislavery town of Lawrence •John Brown retaliates by executing five proslavery settlers near Pottawatomie Creek Violence in the Senate • when Rep Preston Brooks beats Sen.Charles Sumner with a cane Sect 3- Political realignment deepens the crisis The Shifting Political Scene •Whig Party disintegrates-as Fillmore supports Fugitive Slave Act the Northerners leave and supporting Ca entry the Southerners leave •1852 Winfield Scott-last Presidential candidate •Know-Nothings-(American Party) anti-immigration Nativitists•Republican Party-begins in 1854 attracting antislavery Dems, Whigs, Free-Soilers and Know-Nothings-stop expansion of slavery John C. Fremont Presidential candidate in 1856. •Democrat-James Buchanan won 1856 election Dred Scott decision •1857 Supreme Court case about a slave who lived in free territory •Roger Taney SC Chief Justice decision • slaves and descendants were property and couldn’t sue •Missouri Compromise illegal-no deprive owner of property •No African American was meant to be a citizen •South celebrated •North alarmed and upset Lincoln-Douglas Debates “Honest Abe “vs “The Little Giant” series of debates for US Senate seat •Douglas backs Popular Sovereignty •Lincoln condemns slavery and its spread •Freeport Doctrine-Douglas says that if a territory doesn’t want slavery they shouldn’t pass laws to enforce it-angered the South but won the Illinois senate election •John Brown’s raid-1859 Harpers Ferry, Va •Seized federal arsenal to promote a slave rebellion •Failed-federal troops arrest •Brown tried and executed Sect 4 Lincoln, secession, and war Election of 1860 •Abraham Lincoln- Repub.-no slavery in territories •Stephen Douglas-North Dem-popular sovereignty •John Bell-Constitutional Union-defend Union •John Breckinridge-South Dem-protect slavery •Lincoln wins •South secedes-SC Dec 20,1860 Confederate States of America formed in Feb 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama •Crittenden Compromise-constitutional amendment allow slavery west and south of Missouri Compromise , reimburse for fugitive slaves-voted down •Discovery Education - Part Two: Shopkeeper, Lawyer, Soldier, and Politician CIVIL WAR BEGINS •Lincoln takes office •Tries to send food to Ft Sumter in Charleston,SC rejected •Ap 12,1861 SC opens fire on Ft Sumter and they surrender •Ap 15 Lincoln calls for volunteers and the war has begun. Chapter 7 The Civil War Sect. 1-Resources, strategies, and early battles • Population-22 million • Industrialized-arms, supplies • lots of resources • Navy • Organized governmentLincoln Advantages North AdvantagesSouth • • • • Defending homes-psych adv Better military leaders-Lee Strong military tradition Defensive war-know land, less effort Confederate strategy • Seek foreign recognition and aid (Britain) • Preserve small army while eroding Union’s will to fight Union strategy-Anaconda Plan (Scott) • 1. Union blockade southern ports • 2. Capture the Mississippi to split Confederacy • 3. Capture Richmond (new capital of CSA) Early Battles of the Civil War •1st-Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)-July 1861 –Stonewall Jackson holds and Confederate victory •Ft. Henry and Ft Donelson in Tenn.-Feb 1862-Grant wins Union victory •Battle of Shiloh-Ap 1862- Grant wins horrific battle-25,000 casualties •Battle of New Orleans Ap 1862- Adm Farragut captures mouth of Miss. R •Battle of Glorieta Pass March 1862-Union victory in New Mexico •Monitor vs Virginia-ironclads in 1862-draw •Peninsular Campaign 1862-McClellan moves slowly then retreats after 7Days battle-Lee wins Confed victory •Second Bull Run-Confed victory •Antietam-Sept 1862-singelebloodiest day of war-led to Emancipation Proclamation in Jan 1863-freeing slaves in South http://www.capzles.com/#/2D3DF66B-7752-4CB4-90F5CE618DC18A21/?j=9D7771F5-28D4-4E4D-BE81-2F995E896001 Sect 3 –Life during the war Homefront-North •Income tax •Higher tariffs •Sale of govt bonds •Legal Tender Act-greenbacks •Homestead Act •Pacific Railroad act •Conscription -20yrs-40 yrs, pay $300 for replacement •Draft riots-particularly in NY City •Copperheads (Peace Democrats) protest war •Lincoln suspends habeas corpus•Clara Barton-nurse the wounded-US Sanitary Commission -later forms US Red Cross Home front-South •Blockade brings hardships-blockade runners try •No money sell bonds •Seize Union weapons, food and supplies •10% tax on farm produce •Paper money-inflation and bread riots •Southern unity collapses and leaders argue •Few medical supplies, food, shoes, ammo •Women act as nurses and spies Sect 4-Turning points of the war •Vicksburg Mar-July 1863-capture Southern stronghold on Mississippi River-Grant and Union victorious •Fredericksburg-Dec 1862- Confederate victory(lost Stonewall Jackson •Gettysburg-Turning Point of the war-July1-3, 1863Union victory Day one- Confederates occupy the town Day two-battle for Little Round Top pushes confed http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Campaig n back Day three- Pickett’s Charge-Confed charge fails and Lee withdraws from Pennsylvania •Grant takes over and marches towards Richmond-Cold Harbor, Wilderness, Petersburg •Sherman’s March to the Sea-Atlanta to Savannah-total war-total destruction along a 60 mile path Sect 5-War’s End and impact •Election of 1864-Lincoln v McClellan-Lincoln wins •13th Amendment proposed-end slaveru •Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House-Ap 9,1865 •Scattered surrenders through June •Ap 14, 1865-Lincoln assassinated at Ford’s Theatre by John Wilkes Booth-plot uncovered and four later hanged •Why the North won-money, materials, men, Grant, no European ally to South, Lincoln, Emancipation •IMPACT •Morrill Land Grant College Act-(Ncstate) •Homestead Act •Industrialization •War deaths-most of any US war •Freedman •No more secession •Increased federal power-income tax,Sanitary Commission