Download The Civil War

Chapters 6-7
Section 1-Slavery, states’rights, and
western expansion
 Slavery divides the nation
 Wilmot Proviso seeks to limit slavery in Mexican Cession
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Senate votes no, but South upset
Northern view of slavery- little contact or opinion, a few
abolitionistsSouthern view of slaver-Gov intended, necessary to
economy and North’s free labor system worse
Election of 1848Free Soil Party-Martin Van Buren vs
Democrat Lewis Cass vs
Whig Zachary Taylor
 A Compromise Avoids a Crisis
 California gold rush leads to a request to enter the
Union
 Uproar a threat to slavery and South upset
 Clays Compromise of 1850
1. California admitted as a free state
2. New Mexico and Utah territories decide slavery question
by popular sovereignty
3. Slave trade ends in Washington D.C.
4. Congress would pass a strict Fugitive Slave Law
5. Texas gives up claim to New Mexican land for $10,000,000
Webster and Calhoun debate
Calhoun- fears that slavery will split the Union. Clay’s
compromise not enough protection for the South. If not
submit to South’s demands then secessionWebster-rally for unity, accept Clay’s compromise, popular
sovereignty helps south-”I speak …not as a Massachusetts
man, nor as a Northern man, but as an American,…
Stephen Douglas takes over and passes each part of the
compromise separately.
Laws are signed by new President Millard Fillmore (Taylor
who didn’t support it had died-not good to be a Whig Pres)
Sect 2 A
Rising Tide
of Protest
and
Violence
Resistance against the Fugitive Slave Act
• personal liberty laws-
•Resistance and violence
Christiana Riot-Pa. free African Americans protecting
fugitive slaves, bystanders refuse to intervene.
•Underground Railroad•Harriet Tubman
•Harriet Beecher Stowe-1852-publishesUncle Tom’s
Cabin-a condemnation of slavery which infuriates the
South and rouses the North’s abolitionist spirit.
Missouri Compromise, 1820
no slavery north of 36 30 in Louisiana Territory except
Missouri
Compromise of 1850
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
 California free state
 Popular sovereignty in Kansas
 Popular sovereignty in New
and Nebraska territories Overturned Missouri
Compromise
 Led to Republican Party
Mexico and Utah territories
 Stricter Fugitive Slave Act
 No slave trade in Washington
D.C.
“Bleeding Kansas”
•Two governments established-one proslavery
(Lecompton)and one antislavery (Topeka)
•Constitutions written for both and both petitioned for
statehood in 1856
•1856 proslavery raid on antislavery town of Lawrence
•John Brown retaliates by executing five proslavery
settlers near Pottawatomie Creek
Violence in the Senate
• when Rep Preston
Brooks beats
Sen.Charles Sumner
with a cane
Sect 3- Political realignment
deepens the crisis
The Shifting Political Scene
•Whig Party disintegrates-as Fillmore supports Fugitive
Slave Act the Northerners leave and supporting Ca entry
the Southerners leave
•1852 Winfield Scott-last Presidential candidate
•Know-Nothings-(American Party) anti-immigration
Nativitists•Republican Party-begins in 1854 attracting antislavery
Dems, Whigs, Free-Soilers and Know-Nothings-stop
expansion of slavery John C. Fremont Presidential
candidate in 1856.
•Democrat-James Buchanan won 1856 election
Dred Scott decision
•1857 Supreme Court case about a slave who lived in free
territory
•Roger Taney SC Chief Justice decision
• slaves and descendants were property and couldn’t sue
•Missouri Compromise illegal-no deprive owner of property
•No African American was meant to be a
citizen
•South celebrated
•North alarmed and upset
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
“Honest Abe “vs “The Little Giant” series of debates for US Senate seat
•Douglas backs Popular Sovereignty
•Lincoln condemns slavery and its spread
•Freeport Doctrine-Douglas says that if a territory doesn’t want
slavery they shouldn’t pass laws to enforce it-angered the South but
won the Illinois senate election
•John Brown’s raid-1859 Harpers Ferry, Va
•Seized federal arsenal to promote a slave rebellion
•Failed-federal troops arrest
•Brown tried and executed
Sect 4 Lincoln, secession, and war
Election of 1860
•Abraham Lincoln- Repub.-no slavery in territories
•Stephen Douglas-North Dem-popular sovereignty
•John Bell-Constitutional Union-defend Union
•John Breckinridge-South Dem-protect slavery
•Lincoln wins
•South secedes-SC Dec 20,1860 Confederate States of
America formed in Feb 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama
•Crittenden Compromise-constitutional amendment allow
slavery west and south of Missouri Compromise ,
reimburse for fugitive slaves-voted down
•Discovery Education - Part Two: Shopkeeper, Lawyer,
Soldier, and Politician
CIVIL WAR BEGINS
•Lincoln takes office
•Tries to send food to Ft Sumter in
Charleston,SC rejected
•Ap 12,1861 SC opens fire on Ft Sumter and they
surrender
•Ap 15 Lincoln calls for volunteers and the war
has begun.
Chapter 7 The Civil War
Sect. 1-Resources, strategies, and early battles
• Population-22 million
• Industrialized-arms,
supplies
• lots of resources
• Navy
• Organized governmentLincoln
Advantages North
AdvantagesSouth
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Defending homes-psych adv
Better military leaders-Lee
Strong military tradition
Defensive war-know land,
less effort
Confederate strategy
• Seek foreign recognition and aid (Britain)
• Preserve small army while eroding Union’s will
to fight
Union strategy-Anaconda Plan (Scott)
• 1. Union blockade southern ports
• 2. Capture the Mississippi to split Confederacy
• 3. Capture Richmond (new capital of CSA)
Early Battles of the Civil War
•1st-Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)-July 1861 –Stonewall Jackson holds and
Confederate victory
•Ft. Henry and Ft Donelson in Tenn.-Feb 1862-Grant wins Union victory
•Battle of Shiloh-Ap 1862- Grant wins horrific battle-25,000 casualties
•Battle of New Orleans Ap 1862- Adm Farragut captures mouth of Miss. R
•Battle of Glorieta Pass March 1862-Union victory in New Mexico
•Monitor vs Virginia-ironclads in 1862-draw
•Peninsular Campaign 1862-McClellan moves slowly then retreats after
7Days battle-Lee wins Confed victory
•Second Bull Run-Confed victory
•Antietam-Sept 1862-singelebloodiest day of war-led to Emancipation
Proclamation in Jan 1863-freeing slaves in South
http://www.capzles.com/#/2D3DF66B-7752-4CB4-90F5CE618DC18A21/?j=9D7771F5-28D4-4E4D-BE81-2F995E896001
Sect 3 –Life during the war
Homefront-North
•Income tax
•Higher tariffs
•Sale of govt bonds
•Legal Tender Act-greenbacks
•Homestead Act
•Pacific Railroad act
•Conscription -20yrs-40 yrs, pay $300 for replacement
•Draft riots-particularly in NY City
•Copperheads (Peace Democrats) protest war
•Lincoln suspends habeas corpus•Clara Barton-nurse the wounded-US Sanitary
Commission -later forms US Red Cross
Home front-South
•Blockade brings hardships-blockade runners try
•No money sell bonds
•Seize Union weapons, food and supplies
•10% tax on farm produce
•Paper money-inflation and bread riots
•Southern unity collapses and leaders argue
•Few medical supplies, food, shoes, ammo
•Women act as nurses and spies
Sect 4-Turning points of the war
•Vicksburg Mar-July 1863-capture Southern stronghold
on Mississippi River-Grant and Union victorious
•Fredericksburg-Dec 1862- Confederate victory(lost
Stonewall Jackson
•Gettysburg-Turning Point of the war-July1-3, 1863Union victory
Day one- Confederates occupy the town
Day two-battle for Little Round Top pushes confed
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg_Campaig
n
back
Day three- Pickett’s Charge-Confed charge fails and
Lee withdraws from Pennsylvania
•Grant takes over and marches towards Richmond-Cold
Harbor, Wilderness, Petersburg
•Sherman’s March to the Sea-Atlanta to Savannah-total
war-total destruction along a 60 mile path
Sect 5-War’s End and impact
•Election of 1864-Lincoln v McClellan-Lincoln wins
•13th Amendment proposed-end slaveru
•Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House-Ap 9,1865
•Scattered surrenders through June
•Ap 14, 1865-Lincoln assassinated at Ford’s Theatre by John
Wilkes Booth-plot uncovered and four later hanged
•Why the North won-money, materials, men, Grant, no
European ally to South, Lincoln, Emancipation
•IMPACT
•Morrill Land Grant College Act-(Ncstate)
•Homestead Act
•Industrialization
•War deaths-most of any US war
•Freedman
•No more secession
•Increased federal power-income tax,Sanitary
Commission