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Effects of tide pool volume on pool diversity Lindsay Grant, Anna Mairs, Charlotte Martin, Natalie Rideout and Gillian Tetlow The Rocky Intertidal – Tide Pools • The coastal area that is exposed during low tide and submerged during high tide • Contains a high biodiversity of species • A receding tide leaves an accumulation of pools Tide pools • Allow organisms to escape high temperatures and desiccation • Acts as breeding and nursing grounds, provides protection and a feeding habitat • Can also be stressful environments • Changing ocean salinity, temperature and pH Goal of Study • To determine if the tide pool size affects the species diversity • Hypothesis - Species abundance will increase with increased size and depth of tide pools - However, species distribution will not be significantly different between varying tide pool dimensions Methods • Sampled 10 random tide pools of different sizes • Measured dimensions • Used a quadrat (1m x 1m) for larger pools • Collected samples of all plants and animals present • Plant coverage estimated • Identified all species in the lab http://vitalsignsme.org/sites/default/files/climatechange12012/0 49.jpg Methods – Calculations • Simpson’s Diversity Index: 𝐷 =1− Σ 𝑛(𝑛−1) 𝑁(𝑁−1) n = total number of organisms of a particular species N = total number of organisms of all species Methods – Calculations • Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index: 𝐻 = −𝛴 𝑝𝑖 ln 𝑝𝑖 pi = proportion of total sample represented by species i • H’max: 𝐻′𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ln 𝑆 S = number of species Results • Plant average – 4.3 • 12 species total • Animal average – 4.9 • 18 species total Results Results Results • No significant patterns found for plant or animal diversity • More sparse species of animals found than plants Discussion Plants: • 3 outliers • Constant diversity irrespective of tide pool size • Failed to support hypothesis http://www.clarku.edu/departments/biology/biol201/2002/EMachala/Galler y.htm Discussion Animals: • Similar to plants, 2 outliers • Richness vs Abundance • Failed to support hypothesis https://www.clarku.edu/departments/biology/biol201/2002/JDubois/Marine%20 Gastropods.htm Discussion Confounding variables: • Ambient conditions • Elevation • Uneven distribution of pool volumes http://www.acurite.com/7-5-thermometer-00338.html Discussion Supporting studies: • Cullity (2012) • Found no significant relationship Biological relevance: • Metaxas and Scheibling (1993) • Refuge area from stressful conditions Questions?