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History of
Magnetism and Electricity
History of Magnetism and Electricity
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As the result of successfully completing this unit, the
students will
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Discuss the historical background of electricity,
electromagnetism, and circuits
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Compare and Contrast the time frame needed to
discover the basic laws of electromagnetism and the
time frame this course is taking to introduce those same
concepts to the students
Static Electricity – Thales from Milet
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Ca 600 BC
Amber rubbed will attract
light objects
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thales.jpg
Static Electricity
Static Electricity
Static Electricity
Static Electricity
Static Electricity
Static Electricity
Static Electricity
Static Electricity – Thales from Milet
●
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Ca 600 BC
Amber rubbed will attract
light objects
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thales.jpg
Static Electricity – Thales from Milet
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Ca 600 BC
Amber rubbed will attract
light objects
ηλεκτρον (greek for
amber)
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thales.jpg
Static Electricity
η = Eta
ηλεκτρον
λ = Lambda
ε = Epsilon
κ = Kappa
τ = Tau
ρ = Rho
ο = Omega
ν = Nu
Static Electricity
η =E
λ =L
ε =E
κ =K
τ =T
ρ =R
ο =O
ν =N
ηλεκτρον
ELEKTRON
Static Electricity – Thales from Milet
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Ca 600 BC
Amber rubbed will attract
light objects
ηλεκτρον (greek for
amber) → electron
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thales.jpg
William Gilbert - Magnetism
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1600
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Gilbert.jpg
http://www.solarnavigator.net/compass.htm
http://www.physics.ubc.ca/~outreach/phys420/p420_01/shaun/shaun/why_it_works.htm
James Watt – Unit of Power
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1769
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steam engines
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unit of power → connects
mechanical and electrical power
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Watt
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb –
Quantitative Electrostatics
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ca 1790
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Unit of Charge
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law
author of coulomb's Law Picture: Dennis Nilsson
Alessandro Volta – Voltaic Pile
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1800
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Essentially first battery
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Unit of voltage
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Volta
Hans Christian Ørsted – Electric
Current & Magnetic Field Connected
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1820
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Interactive Tutorial on Ørsteds experiment:
http://www.magnet.fsu.edu/education/tutorials/java/oersted/index.html
(National High Magnetic Field Laboratory)
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Christian_Oersted
http://www.phy6.org/earthmag/oersted.htm
André-Marie Ampère –
Mathematical Follow-Up
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1820
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Mathematical Description of Ørsted's experiment
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Unit of Current
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Ampère's Law
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere_Law
Georg Simon Ohm – Resistance
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1827
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Ohm's Law
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Unit of Resistance
V =IR
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Ohm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ohms_law_voltage_source.svg
Michael Faraday –
Electromagnetic Induction
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1831
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Farad: unit of Capacitance
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http://new.wvic.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9&Itemid=46
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday
Joseph Henry – Self-Inductance
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1831
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Unit of Inductance
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Henry
http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/EddyCurrents/Physics/selfinductance.htm
James Clerk Maxwell –
Maxwell's Equations
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1865
Unifies mathematical Formulation
of electromagnetics
Adds Displacement Current to
Ampère's Law
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell
Heinrich Hertz –
Electromagnetic Waves
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1888
Experimentally
confirmed EM Waves
Unit of frequency
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz
Heinrich Hertz –
Electromagnetic Waves
sources: http://www.sparkmuseum.com/BOOK_HERTZ.HTM
Nikola Tesla – AC
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1888
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Unit of Magnetic Flux Density
sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla
Further Reading
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Emilio Segré:
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From Falling Bodies to Radio Waves
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From X-Rays to Quarks