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If you don’t hear any sound turn on your speakers Then click to start China Rising A Personal Perspective From Frank O’Hara Click to continue Where I volunteered Click to continue Click to continue Volunteered in Xi’an 1999, 2001, 2003 5000 km wide Comparison: Halifax to Vancouver 6119 km Dynasties ANCIENT Earliest c 2652-2000 BC • Xia Kingdom 2000-1520 BC • Shang Kingdom 1520-1027 BC • Western Zhou 1027-771 BC • Eastern Zhou 771-221 BC • IMPERIAL Qin Dynasty 221–206 BC • Han Dynasty 206 BC–220 AD • Western Han Xin Dynasty Eastern Han Three Kingdoms 220–280 • Wei, Shu & WuJin Dynasty 265–420 • Western Jin Eastern Jin16 Kingdoms 304–439 • Southern & Northern Dynasties 420–589 • Sui Dynasty 581–619 • Tang Dynasty 618–690 • Second Zhou 690–705 • Tang Dynasty 705–907 (resumed) • 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms 907–960 • Liao Dynasty 907–1125 • Song Dynasty 960–1279 • Northern Song W. Xia Dyn. Southern Song Jin Dyn.Yuan Dynasty 1271–1368 • Ming Dynasty 1368–1644 • Qing Dynasty 1644–1911 • MODERN Republic of China 1912–1949 • People's Republic of China 1949–present • Early inventions Before Common Era • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Common Era Silk spinning - 2850 High temperature clay firing - 2nd millennium Decimal place value - 13th century Embroidery – 10th century Mouth organ - 9th century Fumigation - 7th century Cast iron - 5th century Cross bow - 5th century Metal plough – 5th century Acupuncture - 580 Kites - 4th century Blast furnace - 3rd century Maps, topographical - 3rd century Anti-malarial drugs - 3rd century Harness, horse breast - 250 Tea as a drink - 2nd century Steel - 2nd century Ball bearings - 2nd century Wheel barrow - 30 Why did it stop at 1500? • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Seawalls - 80 Axial rudder - 1st century Paper - 105 Noodles - 100 Coal as fuel - 1st century Abacus - 190 Stirrup - 300 Wheel barrow - 200 Fishing reel - 3rd century Porcelain - 550 Suspension bridge - 6th century Printing, wood blocks - 7th century Stars, proper motion of - 725 Leeboards & Centreboards - 751 Grafting - 806 Printed book - 868 Chinese chess - 900 Coinage 9th century Gunpowder – 9th century Playing cards – 1000 Magnetic compass (navigation) - 1111 Small pox inoculation – 10th century Paper money - 9th century Pearls, artificial induction - 1086 Pasteurized wine - 1117 Printing, bronze type - 1403 Chinese explorations …(please click) • The Yuan dynasty, 1271-1368, commissioned a navy and founded trading posts in Sumatra, Ceylon, India, and later in Arabia and Africa • In 1525 the emperor ordered the destruction of the navy, on the basis that the Middle Kingdom had everything it needed. • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sultan/explorers.html 10% annual GDP growth How do they do it? …(please click) • Combination of autocracy & free enterprise • Planning, not laissez-faire (pre-build infrastructure) • Industrious, business-like (punctual) people • A tradition of merit-based scholarship • Government actively supports entrepreneurs • Innovation Development zones …(please click) • Adjacent to the 17 largest cities • 3 kinds at each city – Hi-tech, Agriculture, Manufacturing • Up-to-date facilities (e.g. broadband, foreign architects) • Angel financing • Training for budding entrepreneurs • Secondary financing (launching the enterprise) Development zone photo Some facts …(please click) • China graduates @ 600,000 engineers annually versus USA 70,000 • 100,000 Chinese are studying abroad at their own expense, (103 countries, primarily United States, Britain and Japan) 2,000/year sponsored by the Chinese government • Annually 2,500 Chinese students earn their PhDs in the USA • A Comparison: U.S. National Debt $9.5 trillion and growing Chinese reserves $1.3 trillion, also growing • The One-child Policy – Fully imposed on 35.9% of the population - city dwellers – 52.9% (mostly rural) allowed 2nd child if first is female – 11% (ethnic minorities) have no limit – Enforced with fines and penalties (limited advancement/schooling) – Marriage age delayed (25 for women, 26 for men) – Projected 30 million excess marriage-age men by 2020 More facts …(please click) • GDP: $3.42 trillion • GDP per capita: $2,631 (versus Canada’s $36,000) • Poverty (defined as less than $1/day) • • • declined from 64% to 10% over the past 25 years. Famine of 1959, 60, 61 – as many as 30 million died Approximately 5% of the population of @ 660 million 1976 Tangshan earthquake – of 1 million population 250,000 died Only 14.86% of the land is arable Yet more facts • • • • …(please click) The world’s 3rd largest country 4 time zones but treated as one (Beijing) Surpassed S. Africa as the world’s largest gold producer Military service: Two years selective compulsory 18-22 years of age • 30 million people migrate to the cities each year • Population 1.3 billion (20% of the world) – 540 million in 1950; doubled by 1980s, when 1-child policy instituted – Stable fertility rate is 2.1 – actually only 1.7 for China – Population expected to peak at 1.45 billion in 2030 before reducing to 1.28 billion by 2050 China’s population: 1950 to 2050 Male China 1950 - 540 million 2050 – 1.28 billion India 1950 - 357.5 million 2050 - 1.6 billion Female Something to ponder… World’s population growth (millions) 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 1999 2050 2150 791 978 1262 1650 2521 5978 8909 9746 3 Gorges Dam • 12 times the power output of Niagara Falls • Designed to provide 10% of China’s needs • But increased demand – actually only 3%. Concerns? • • • • • • • …(please click) Will China try to buy control of the West? Will they control Greenhouse Gases? Falun Gong 87,000 civil disturbances in 2005 Each week China opens 34 gas stations and puts 1000 more cars on the road 570 more coal plants to be added by 2012 Army – Active: 2,250,000, Reserve: 800,000 Canada: $18 billion Canadian advantages/opportunities • Dr. Norman Bethune - a hero • Dr. Macklin - 1st Western hospital, 1886 • 1970, Canada led the world to recognize China, • • • • 2 years ahead of President Nixon's visit Our secular society (with 1.5 million Chinese) Our natural resources Canadian investments (Bombardier, Nortel, mining companies) Wheat for famine victims 1959, 60, 61 Shanghai Shangai Frank Ou Fulai Fortune Comes Marion Lei Moli Jasmine Blossom Photos from the 2008 Olympics A co-incidence!? Buddha: @ 563-483 BC Confucius: 551-479 BC Socrates: 469-399 BC Ou Fulai Fortune Comes The End but not for China… only the beginning For more on Frank O’Hara’s adventures go to www.ohara.com Click twice to end
