Download Chapter 4: Rocks Study Guide

Chapter 4: Rocks Study Guide Science
How should I study for the Chapter 4 Science test?
_____1) Highlight and review key concepts on this study guide
_____2) Print out extra copies of the study guide at home and try
filling it out again as a way to quiz yourself
_____3) Use Quizlet to make cards/games for terms that are difficult to
remember
_____4) Read through your notes and homework assignments from class,
highlighting key details
_____5) Take self-check quizzes on the textbook website: (link to
textbook site on Mrs. Seifert’s webpage…then click on Chapter 4…then
“Self-Check Quizzes”)
What should I do if I still need help?
_____1) Come before/after school for extra help with Dr. Browning or
Mrs. Seifert
Happy Studying!!
“Genius is one percent inspiration and
ninety-nine percent perspiration.”
~Thomas Alva Edison
Chapter 4: Rocks Study Guide Science
Section 4.1 – The Rock Cycle (pages 90-93)
1) A __________ is a mixture of minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter,
or other natural materials.
2) The ________ ________ shows how rocks slowly change through time.
3) Each type of rock can change into any of the _________ major rock types or into another
rock of the same type.
4) There are three types of rock, classified based on how they were ___________:
a.
b.
c.
5) Rock cycle processes do not __________ or _________ matter.
6) In the late eighteenth century, ___________ ___________ recognized some rock cycle
processes by observing rocks in the field.
7) Rocks are subject to constant ______________.
*Word bank for blanks above and diagram to the right
Change
Create
Destroy
Formed
Heat & pressure (2x)
Igneous
James Hutton
Melting
Metamorphic
Rock
Rock cycle
Sedimentary
Three
Weathering & erosion (3x)
Chapter 4: Rocks Study Guide Science
Section 4.2 – Igneous Rocks (pages 94-97)
1) Igneous rocks form when hot _______________ cools and _________________.
2) Magma is (more / less) dense than the surrounding rock.
3) Magma that reaches the Earth’s surface and flows from volcanoes is called ________.
4) Intrusive Igneous Rocks
a. Form from magma __________ the surface, but are found at the surface only after
the layers of rock & soil that covered them have been removed by ___________.
b. Cool _________ and produce individual __________ ___________(large crystals)
5) Extrusive Igneous
a. Form when lava cools on or near the ____________ of the Earth.
b. Cool ______________ and forms small ________ __________ (small crystals)
6) We can classify igneous rocks based on the ___________ from which they form:
*no word bank for this chart
Color
Basaltic
Dark-colored
Density
Dense
Main
Minerals
Other
Iron, magnesium
Below
Erosion
Hardens
Lava
Granitic
Andesitic
Between
Between
Fluid; flows freely
from volcanoes in HI
Not fluid; erupts
violently
Magma
Magma
Mineral grains
Mineral grains
Quickly
Slowly
Surface
Chapter 4: Rocks Study Guide Science
Section 4.3 – Metamorphic Rocks (pages 99-102)
1) Changes in ________________, _______________, or the presence of _____ _________
can cause metamorphic rocks to form.
a. This process is called ___________________________.
2) One type of rock can change into several different _________________ _________.
 Example:
Shale can turn into ________ ________  ________  ________.
3) Most fluids that transform rocks during metamorphic processes are ______ and made up of
_________ and ____________ ______________.
4) Metamorphic rocks can be classified based on their ______________ & _____________.
 ______________ – mineral grains that line up in parallel layers/bands
Slate
Schist
Gneiss
 ______________ – mineral grains that don’t line up in layers
Marble
Quartzite
o What rock does marble form?
Carbon dioxide
Composition
Crystallization
Foliated
Gneiss
Hot
Hot fluids
Metamorphic rocks
Non-foliated
Phyllite
Pressure
Slate
Schist
Temperature
Texture
Water
Chapter 4: Rocks Study Guide Science
Section 4.4 – Sedimentary Rocks (pages 103-108)
1) _____________________ are rock fragments, grains, plant and animal remains
2) These rocks form when sediments are pressed and _______________________ together.
3) Sedimentary rocks form in layers and the oldest are always at the ______________.
 Example: on the _____________ floor
4) Sedimentary Rocks can be classified as based on the _______ and _______ of its sediments:
 Detrital – made from the broken fragments of other rocks
o Examples: sandstone, __________ , _______________
o These loose sediments form solid rock through:
 ___________________ – layers of the sediments are compressed by the
weight of the layers above them
 __________________ – sediment grains held together by natural
cements
 Chemical – made from solutions of dissolved minerals
o Examples:
1. __________________ - comes from sea shells
2. __________ _______ - salt – deposits left behind
after evaporation show that there may have been a warm, shallow sea in
the area
 Organic – made from the remains of once-living organisms
o Examples: fossil-rich limestone, __________, _________
Bottom
Cementation
Cemented
Chalk
Coal
Compaction
Limestone
Ocean
Rock salt
Sediments
Shale
Shape
Siltstone
Size
Chapter 4: Rocks Study Guide Science
Chapter 4: Rocks Terms Review
1) _________________metamorphic rock whose mineral grains grow and rearrange but generally do
not form layers.
2) _________________Forms when heat, pressure, or fluids act on igneous, sedimentary, or other
metamorphic rock to change its form or composition, or both
3) _________________metamorphic rock whose mineral grains line up in parallel layers
4) _________________process in which layers of sediments are compressed by the weight of the
layers above them
5) _________________process in which sediment grains are held together by natural cements that are
produced when water moves through rock and soil
6) _________________model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another
through time
7) _________________generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly
beneath Earth’s surface.
8) _________________light-colored, silica-rich igneous rock that is less dense than basaltic rock.
9) _________________ Rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardens.
10) _________________mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic
matter, or other natural materials; can be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary
11) _________________ molten rock that flows from volcanoes onto Earth’s surface
12) _________________fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near
Earth’s surface
13) _________________ loose materials that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity
14) _________________dense, dark colored igneous rock formed from magma rich in
magnesium and iron and poor in silica.
15) _________________forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together or when
minerals form from solutions
Rock
Rock Cycle
Igneous rock
Lava
Nonfoliated
Cementation
Intrusive
Extrusive
Basaltic
Granitic
Sediments
Metamorphic rock
Sedimentary rock
Foliated
Compaction