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LAN 405 BEGINNING HEBREW II Class V: Qal Participle (ch. 22) Dr. Esa Autero Qal Participle 1.1 Introduction English participle Add “-ing” to a verb: sitting, seeing etc. Participle is a verbal adjective Hebrew participle has Stem (Qal, nipf, piel etc.) Voice (active or passive) Number and gender (sg./pl & masc.fem.) May be used attributively: “the sleeping student” Predicatively: “the student is sleeping” Substantively: “The one who studies” Qal Participle 2.1 Formation of Hebrew Participle Strong verb paradigm Active Participle Masc. Fem. Fem. Singular Plural קֹ טֵ ל קֹ טֶֶ֫ לֶ ת קֹ ְטלָ ה קֹ ְט ִלים קֹ ְטלֹות ־ קֹ טֵ ל Inflectional endings Masc. Fem. Fem. Singular Plural ־ ֶת ָה ִים ֹות ־ Feminine has two separate endings Participles inflected only for gender and number – not person Holem in the 1st syllabus diagnostic for Qal act. participle [Holem-Tsere] Qal Participle Qal Active Participle: Weak Verbs In Qal all I-Guttural, I-נ, and I- יand Geminate verbs follow strong pattern Pts. Singular Plural Masc. עֹֹ ֵמד עֹֹ ֶ֫ ֶמ ֶדת עֹֹ ְמ ָדה עֹֹ ְמ ִדים עֹֹ ְמדֹות ־ Pts. Singular Plural Masc. יֹ ֵשב יֹ ֶֶ֫שבֶ ת יֹ ְשבָ ה יֹ ְש ִבים יֹ ְשבֹות ־ Fem. Fem. Fem. Fem. Pts. Singular Plural Masc. נֹפֵ ל נ ֶ֫ ֶֹפלֶ ת נ ְֹפלָ ה נ ְֹפ ִלים נ ְֹפלֹות ־ Pts. Singular Plural Masc. סֹ בֵ ב סֹ ֶ֫ ֶבבֶ ת סֹ ְבבָ ה סֹ ְב ִבים סֹ ְבבֹות ־ Fem. Fem. Fem. Fem. Qal Participle Changes in all other weak verb patterns 1) II-Guttural Verbs Pts. Singular Plural Masc. בֹחֵ ר בֹחֶֶ֫ ֶרת בֹחֲ ָרה בֹחֲ ִרים בֹחֲ רֹות ־ Fem. Fem. Pts. Singular Plural Masc. שֹאֵֹל ֹ שֹאֶֶֹ֫לֶ ת ֹ שֹאֲֹלָ ה ֹ שאֲֹ ִלים ֹֹ שאֲֹלֹות ֹֹ ־ Fem. Fem. Note the Holem-Tsere vowel pattern Hateph Pathach instead of Shewa Qal Participle 2) III-ע/חVerbs Pts. Singular Plural Masc. ֹ ֵשֹל ח ש ֶֹ֫לחת שֹלחָ ה ש ְֹל ִחים ש ְֹלחֹות ־ Fem. Fem. Gutturals prefer a-class vowels Note the Furtive Pathach Pts. Singular Plural Masc. ֹ ֵֹשֹמ ע שֹמֶֹ֫עֹת שֹמְֹעָֹה שֹמְֹעִֹים ֹמעֹות ְֹ ש ־ Fem. Fem. Qal Participle 3) III-אVerbs Pts. Singular Plural Masc. מֹצֵֹא מֹצֵֹאת מֹצְֹאָֹה מֹצְֹאִֹים מֹצְֹאֹות ־ Fem. Fem. Aleph is quiescent Qal Participle 4) III- הVerbs Pts. Singular Plural Fem. ֹבנֶה ֹבנָה בֹנִ יָה בֹנִ ים בֹנֹות ־ Singular Plural קָֹם ָק ָמה ָק ִמים ָקמֹות Final root consonant הis lost Masc. Presence of mater lectionis Fem. 5) Biconsonantal Verbs Lacks diagnostic Holem Memorize paradigm! Pts. Masc. Identical to Qal pf. 3ms Fem. Identical to Qal pf. 3fs Context (and accent) as clues to identification Qal Participle 2.2 The Use and Meaning of Qal Active Participle 1) Attributive use Participle modifies a noun – attributive use “sleeping giant” “running water” The participle comes after the noun it modifies Participle must match noun in gender, number, and definiteness Translate as “the giant who is sleeping” “the water that is running” הָֹעָֹם היֹ ֵשב בָֹאָֹרֶֹץ The people who dwell (who are dwelling) in the land (Num 13:28) ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹהמלְֹאְָֹך הדֹבֵ ר ִבי The angel who was speaking with me (Zech 2:2) Qal Participle 2) Predicative Use The participle asserts something about the noun “The giant is sleeping” “the water is running” Adjective matches the noun in gender and number but not in definiteness Participle never takes the definite article – participle usually follows noun Participle is “tenseless” – tense comes from the context ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹוְהָ הָ רֹ ֹבֹעֵֹרֹבָֹאֵֹש And the mountain was burning with fire (Deut 4:11) ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹשכֵב ְבהֵ יכל ֹ ֹּושמּואֵֹל ְ And Samuel was lying down in (the) temple (1 Sam 3:3) Qal Participle 3) Substantive Use Participle used independently as a noun – “one who” performs a certain action Participle behaves like a noun May function as a subject or object, take definite article, be in construct chain, and take suffixes or prepositional prefixes יֹושבֶ ת בגנִ ים ֶ ה The one who dwells in the gardens (Song of Songs 8:13) ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹשֹומר י ְִשרָֹאֵֹל ֵ ְל ֹא יִישָֹן ֹו And the One who keeps Israel will not sleep (Ps 121:4) Qal Participle 2.3 The Formation of Qal Passive Participle Passive participle – add helping verb “be” + “ing” in translation “being killed” “being written” Passive participle paradigm Pts. Singular Plural Masc. ָקטּול ְקטּולָ ה טּולים ִ ְק ְקטּולֹות Fem. Pts. Masc. Fem. Singular Plural ־ ָה ִים ֹות Diagnostic feature of pass. part. = Qamets-Shureq Vocal Shewa on 1st root consonant (fs, mp, fp) I-Gutturals have Hateph pathach ָקטּו Qal Participle Some examples – only masc. sg. form עָֹוזּוב ָשנּוא שָֹאּול ָשחּוט אָֹכּול Abandoned Hated Asked Slaughtered Eaten ֹ ָפ תּוח ֹיָדּוע ֹנָטּוע אָֹרּור ָֹיעּוץ Opened Known Planted Cursed Advised Qal Participle III- הpassive participle have a unique form ֹ יstands in the place of third root consonant E.g. נְ טּויָהis fs. Qal. Pass. Pt. of ( נָטָ הto stretch out) Pts. Singular Plural Masc. בָ נּוי ְבנּויָה ְבנּויִים ְבנּויֹות Fem. Qal Participle 2.4 The Use of Qal. Passive Participle Used like Active participle (attributively, predicatively, substantively) 1) Attributive use Participle follows noun it modifies and agrees in gender, number, and definitiveness ֹֹֹֹֹֹּתֹורהֹהזֶ ה ָ ה ְב ִריתֹהכְ תּובָ ה ְבסֶ פֶ רֹה The covenant written in this book of the law (Deut 29:20) חֹומהֹה ְפרּוצָ ה ָ ויִ בֶֹן אֶֹת־כָל־ה (and) he (re)built all of the broken wall (2 Chr 32:5) Qal Participle 2) Predicative usage Participle either precedes or follows the noun it modifies and agrees in gender and number (not definiteness) בָ רּוְך יְהוָהֹלְֹאֹולָֹם Blessed is the LORD forever (Ps 89:53/2) ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹבָ רּוְךֹהגֶבֶ רֹאֲֹ ֶשרֹי ְִבטחֹביהוָה Blessed in the man who trusts in the LORD (Jer 17:7) Qal Participle 3) Substantive use Participles used independently as nouns; “one who” performs a certain action – behaves like a noun ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹרֹל ְפנֵיֹאֲֹרֹון יְהוָה ִ וְהֶ חָ לּוץ יֹ ֲעֹב And the one equipped (for battle) will pass before the ark of the LORD (Josh 6:7) ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹוְתחתֹהֲ רּוגִ ים יִפֹ לּו And they will fall among the slain ones (Isa 10:4) Qal Participle Participles with prefixes and suffixes E.g. definite article, prepositional prefixes, pronominal suffixes ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹההֹ לְֵֹך ב ָש ֶדה The one who walks in the field (Gen 24:65) ְֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹלש ְֹמ ֵרי ְב ִריתֹו To those who keep his covenant (Ps 103:18) אֲֹנִ יֹיְהוָהֹרֹפְֹאֶָֹך I am the LORD who heals you (Ex 15:26) דעֵֹי טֹובֹוָרָֹע ְֹ ֹי Knowing good and evil (Gen 3:5) Qal Participle Practice Workbook p. 179, no: 2-6 p. 180, no: 1-3 Homework See next class’ ppts (Class VI)