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In III- אverbs, there are three significant differences from the standard verb pattern. PNG Standard III-א 3ms קָ טַ ל מָ צָ א 3fs קָ ְטלָה מָ ְצָאה 2ms ָָּ ְקָ טַ ל ת ָָּ ָמָ צ את 2fs ָּקָ טַ לְ ְת מָ צָ את 1cs קָ טַ לְ תָּי מָ צָ אתי 3cp קָ ְטלּו מָ ְצאּו 2mp ְקטַ לְ תָּם ְמצָ אתם 2fp ְקטַ לְ תָּן ְמצָ אתן 1cp קָ טַ לְ נּו מָ צָ אנּו The second syllable vowel (stem vowel) is a qamatz instead of a patakh in all forms except the third person feminine singular (3fs) and third person common plural (3cp). The shewa that is usually under the III-root consonant is absent. The dagesh that is usually in the first consonant of the suffix is missing. For example, the first person common singular (1cs) suffix תיis now תי. Most feminine nouns demonstrate no change to the stem before the plural ending (but note that the feminine ending ָָהis dropped when the plural וֹתis added). For example: singular plural בְ ָרכָ ה בְ ָרכוֹת blessings תוָ ָרה תוָרוֹת laws Changes occur to the vowels of feminine nouns that have a specific pattern, as demonstrated by ( מַ לְ כָ הqueen). מַ לְ כָ הhas the pattern of consonant and vowel (ָּ)מ, ַ then consonant (ָּ)ל, ְ consonant ()כ, and ָָהending. When this specific pattern exists, the noun’s vowels change when the noun becomes plural. For example: מַ לְ כָ ה ְמלָכוָתqueens ח ְרפָ ה חֲרפוָת ָ reproachs In English, when we want to form a question, we begin the sentence with words such as who or what and end the sentence with a question mark. In Hebrew, we can make any sentence a question by prefixing the particle ֲָּהto the first word of the sentence or clause. For example: טוֹבָּהַ מלְך ֲהָּטוֹבָּהַ מלְך הָ לְַךָּהַ איׁש The king is good. ֲהָּהָ לְַךָּהַ איׁש Did the man walk? Is the king good? The man walked. The vowel of the particle ֲָּהcan change depending on the characteristics of the word that follows. Before a guttural the form is usually ה. ַָּ For example: ַָּהעֹמֵ דָּהַ גָמָ ל Is the camel standing? An exception occurs when the vowel of the guttural is a qamets. In this case, the form is ָּה. For example: הָּעָ מַ ד Did he stand? Before a consonant that has a shewa as its vowel, the form is also ה. ַָּ For example: ַָּהנְתַ תָּם Did you give? Hint: The lack of a dagesh in the first root consonant of the word is the best way to distinguish between an interrogative הand the definite article (remember that the definite article features three componentshe, patach, and dagesh in the following consonant). While the presence or lack of a dagesh is the best method to tell the difference, there can be some exceptions. These exceptions are rare and you can usually rely on context to tell the difference. For example: ַהָּכְ תַ בְ תָּן Did you write? In chapter 5 we learned that אֲ ׁשרprecedes a phrase that modifies the previous word. used to indicate a clause that modifies a previous word. For example: ת־הסֵ פר ַָּ הַ נָביאָּאֲ ׁשרָּכָ תַ בָּא הָ עבדָּאֲ ׁשרָּהלֵלָּהַ מָּלְך The prophet who wrote the book. The servant whom the king praised. אֲ ׁשרcan also be