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Name: _______________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Period: __________ Solar System Notes – Part 1 Universe: all of space and ________________________________________________ Galaxy: A large group of __________________________________, solar systems, and associated gas and dust in space that is bound by _____________________________ Solar System: Composed of one or more _____________________________ and the planets and other bodies that orbit around the star(s) How did our universe get started? o Big Bang Theory The universe began with a _____________________________________ about 10-15 billion years ago Since then, the universe has been ______________________________ We believe it is still expanding! Matter in the universe collected to form stars stars died in supernova explosions explosions added new elements to the universe About 5 billion years ago, a __________________________ collapsed to form the solar system Since the “big bang” created the entire universe, ___________________ and ____________________________ did not exist before the big bang “Space” and “Time” are concepts that came into being when our universe began o How did our solar system form? About __________ billion years ago, a nebula collapsed to form the solar system Slowly the nebula shrank into a _________________________________ Gravity pulled the matter into the disk’s center – sun was born Gas and dust started to collect to form ___________________________ Spheres closest to the __________ lost most of their gases and dust/rock collected and became very dense = inner planets (Earth, Mars, etc) Spheres farther away retained gases to form ________________________________________ = Jupiter, Saturn, etc Planet: Any celestial body (other than comets or satellites) that revolves around a ______________________________________________________________________ Dwarf Planets: Comet: A small body of ice, rock, and dust that revolves around a star and _______________________________________________ as it passes close to the star Asteroid: Small, ______________________________, rocky objects that orbit the sun Name: _______________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Period: __________ Meteorites: Pieces of __________________________________ that originate in space and survive a fall to the ground through Earth's atmosphere o Most are remnants of asteroids or possibly comets Sun: o The Sun is a __________________________________! o Source of ____________________ & _________________________ for the planets in the solar system o Contains ______________________% of the mass in the solar system o the Earth revolves around the Sun Solar flares: o A sudden eruption of intense ____________________________________________ from the sun's surface o Associated with __________________________________ and radio interference Star: a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior Constellations: A _________________________________________ of stars in the sky Nebula: A large amount of __________________________________ spread out in an immense volume How are stars made? o All stars begin as parts of ______________________________________ o Gravity pulls some of the gas and dust together o This cloud of dust and gas is called a “_____________________________” o When this cloud of dust and gas gets so hot that ___________________________________________ occurs…a star is born! Nuclear fusion – atoms of hydrogen combine to form helium and lots of energy is released Light-year: o The distance that light travels in ______________________________________ o A measurement of ___________________________, not time! o In space, light travels at a speed of about 300,000 kilometers per second o 300,000 km = 186,411 miles = over _______________________ football fields! That’s 11,000 football fields a second! o In one year, light travels about 9.5 trillion _______________________ (about 6 trillion miles) Black hole: o The remains of an __________________________________ pulled into a small volume by the force of gravity Quasar: A distant galaxy with a black hole at its _______________________________