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Do Now! Total War: Military strategy in which an army attacks not only enemy troops but the economic and civilian resources that support them William Tecumseh Sherman: Led an aggressive campaign through the South that destroyed much of Georgia George Pickett: Led the last failed Confederate attack in the Battle of Gettysburg EQ: What was the turning point of the Civil War? The students will be able to recall and evaluate the development of industrial power. Ch 11 Sec 4: Turning Points of the War • In 1863, Ulysses S. Grant cut Vicksburg, Mississippi, off from its source of supply. Then, he placed it under siege. Constant gunfire and lack of supplies weakened Vicksburg’s defenders. On July 4, 1863, the Confederate commander surrendered. This victory completed the Anaconda Plan of cutting the South in half. Ulysses S. Grant • In the East, Lincoln replaced General McClellan. McClellan’s successor, General Ambrose Burnside, headed south, hoping to win a decisive victory over the Army of Northern Virginia. In December 1862, Lee defeated the Union commander in Fredericksburg, Virginia. At Chancellorsville, Virginia, the Confederates overwhelmed the Union army. Lee lost Stonewall Jackson in the battle. • Lee wanted to win international support, demoralize the Union, and force an end to the war. He decided to invade the North. In June 1863, his army entered Pennsylvania. Under General George Meade, Union forces met the Confederates on July 1st in Gettysburg Pennsylvania. The Battle of Gettysburg raged for three days. Gettysburg was a turning point of the war. On July 3, Confederate forces charged up Cemetery Ridge, only to be mowed down. The Battle of Gettysburg was over. The South never fought on Union soil again. • On the field lay over 50,000 dead and wounded. About half of these were Confederate. The South had suffered a devastating defeat. • In November 1863, Lincoln came to the battlefield to dedicate a cemetery for the fallen soldiers. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address described the United States as a unified nation. • In early 1864, Lincoln placed Grant in charge of the entire Union military effort. He wanted to crush large numbers of Confederate troops, even if it meant thousands of Union soldiers would be killed. Grant used a strategy of total war by attacking military and civilian targets. Part of that strategy was illustrated by the campaign of William Tecumseh Sherman. He cut a path of destruction in his march across Georgia to the Atlantic. Sherman called the capture of Savannah his Christmas present for Lincoln. EXIT SLIP • What was the outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg?