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Adverbs - Function and Placement in Academic Writing Writers use adverbs to add clarity and Centenarians represent the most resilient precision to sentences. Adverbs not only genetic strain within each generation. give information about how, when, where, and why things happen, they are also used Centenarians probably represent the most to control the strength of general resilient genetic strain within each generation. statements. Writers who use adverbs well are very aware of who their audience is and what types of general statements or claims they will accept and what types of general statements or claims will need to limit in some way. Notice the difference meaning between the two sentences given as examples--all because of the writer’s strategic placement of one adverb. Writers need to consider three important things when choosing and using adverbs: * whether the audience will accept the general statement without some limits or adverbs will be needed to control the strength of the generalization. * what kind of information the adverb adds to a sentence. There are several typical types of information adverbs add: how (adverbs of manner), when (adverbs of time), where (adverbs of place), how much (adverbs of degree or intensifiers). * where to place an adverb in a sentence. The following charts provide some examples of types of adverbs commonly found in academic writing and where they can be placed in a sentence. Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of manner are typically formed by adding -ly to the adjective form of a word. (neat-ly, quick-ly, general-ly) They usually modify the verb or the whole sentence. Some common adverbs found in this category are: generally, typically, actually, rapidly, potentially, probably, (not) necessarily, substantially, and widely. Before the main verb Centenarians probably represent the most resilient genetic strain. For this reason, they actually tend to be healthier than some people thirty years younger than they are. Between the auxiliary and the main verb Men and women were randomly assigned to one of the three different conditions: Some subjects had a chance to verbally aggress. Other subjects had to physically aggress against him. After the main verb (emphasizes the adverb rather than the verb) During the experiment, heart rate was monitored continuously, and blood pressure was measured every two minutes At the beginning of the sentence Actually, they are not only not natural, they are not even very common, worldwide. Adverbs of Degree Adverbs of degree add information about how much or how complete. Some adverbs of degree modify adverbs and adjectives. Others, like for the most part, can modify an entire sentence. Adverbs of degree that add information about how complete (completely) modify adjectives. Some even modify nouns. Adverbs What They Modify Examples for the most part entire sentence And employees for the most part accepted eagerly. to some extent entire sentence To some extent, older workers can compensate for their slower reactions by experience. partly adjectives, adverbs, verbs The prediction that there will be 1 million centenarians worldwide is based partly on the fact that several people now reach 100 every month. relatively adjectives, adverbs For example, it was once believed that those who achieved the age of 100 would tend to be calm, serene “Type B” personalities who had led relatively stress-free lives. Emphasizing Adverbs These adverbs emphasize particular words or grammatical constructions. They appear immediately before the words or constructions they modify. Adverbs Examples only These cardiovascular changes occur only when people are watching violence carried out by someone of the same sex, suggesting that they identify more with the character. simply But more difficulties arise for the catharsis hypothesis than simply that it has limitations. merely In the No-frustration group, the experimenter merely praised students when they reached 0. just For one thing, he says he’s finding that blood pressure goes up when people are exposed to violence--not just to the real-life kind that’s known to cause fight -or-flight hormones to surge, but also to “Rambo”-style movies. even Not even a war seems to purge a people’s aggressive feelings. really Since that day, I've had the feeling that nothing can really harm me and have lived completely without fear. actually Centenarians actually lived through many of the historical events or social changes that most of us know only from history books. Time Adverbs These adverbs add information about the time or frequency with which something happens. Some of the most common time adverbs include: frequently, regularly, rarely, recently, currently, newly, and suddenly. Beginning of the sentence Recently, studies of longevity have pointed to the keys to a long life. Before the verb or between the auxiliary and the participle She frequently travels, going to two or three places each year.