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Download Cardiovascular System: The Heart
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Transcript
Cardiovascular System: The Heart (Chapter 13) Fun Facts • Heart pumps 7,000 liters of blood each day • Heart contracts 2.5 billion times in an average lifetime Heart • Hollow, muscular pump • Four chambers: • R & L Atria – for blood storage • R & L Ventricles – to pump blood • Posterior to sternum, medial to lungs • Anterior to vertebral column • Superior to diaphragm Systemic circuit delivers oxygen to all body cells and carries away wastes. Pulmonary circuit eliminates carbon dioxide via the lungs and oxygenates the blood. Deoxygenated blood Oxygenated blood O2 Oxygenated blood pumped to all body tissues via aorta O2 CO2 O2 CO2 Deoxygenated blood pumped to lungs via pulmonary arteries CO2 CO2 CO2 O2 CO2 CO2 O2 O2 CO2 O2 Alveolus O2 Oxygenated blood returns to heart via pulmonary veins Deoxygenated blood returns to heart via venae cavae Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle Base of heart Sternum Heart Apex of heart Diaphragm Coverings of the Heart Right lung Left lung Pericardium: • Fibrous pericardium • Parietal pericardium • Visceral pericardium Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary trunk Auricle of left atrium Fibrous pericardium Cut edge of parietal pericardium Diaphragm Auricle of right atrium Heart (covered by visceral pericardium) Left ventricle Right ventricle Anterior interventricular sulcus Pericardial cavity Wall of the Heart • Epicardium (outer layer) • Myocardium (middle layer) • Endocardium (inner layer) Pericardial cavity Parietal pericardium Fibrous pericardium Endocardium Myocardium Epicardium (visceral pericardium) Coronary blood vessel Wall of the Heart • Epicardium (visceral pericardium) forms a protective outer covering and secretes serous fluid • Myocardium contracts to pump blood from the heart chambers • Endocardium forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and valves From the Heart to the Lungs Structure Right Atrium Right Ventricle Pulmonary Arteries Function • Chamber where blood enters the heart from the body • Receives blood from inferior & superior vena cava, coronary sinus • Receives blood from Right Atrium • Pumps blood to the lungs • Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs From the Lungs to the Heart Structure Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium Left Ventricle Aorta Function • Carry oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs • Receives blood from the pulmonary veins • Pumps blood to the aorta, through the rest of the body • Brings blood from the left ventricle to the vessels of the body Wall of the Heart • Epicardium (outer layer) • Myocardium (middle layer) • Endocardium (inner layer) Valves of the Heart • Tricuspid valve • Right atrioventricular orifice • Prevents blood from moving back into right atrium during ventricular contraction • Pulmonary valve • Entrance to pulmonary trunk • Prevents blood from moving back into right ventricle during ventricular relaxation Valves of the Heart • Mitral valve • Left atrioventricular orifice • Prevents blood from moving back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction • Aortic valve • Entrance to aorta • Prevents blood from moving back into left ventricle during ventricular relaxation Systemic capillaries Tissue cells CO2 Superior vena cava O2 Alveolus Alveolar capillaries CO2 CO2 O2 O2 Pulmonary artery Alveolar capillaries Alveolus Pulmonary veins Right atrium Tricuspid valve Pulmonary valve Right ventricle Inferior vena cava Left atrium Mitral valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta CO2 Systemic capillaries O2 Tissue cells Aorta Blood from systemic circuit Venae cavae and coronary sinus Right coronary artery Left coronary artery Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Posterior interventricular artery Marginal artery Circumflex artery Myocardial capillaries in walls of right atrium and right ventricle Myocardial capillaries in walls of left atrium and left ventricle Anterior interventricular artery Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary arteries Alveolar capillaries (lungs) Myocardial capillaries in ventricular walls Pulmonary veins Cardiac veins Left atrium Mitral valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Coronary sinus Aorta Right atrium Blood to systemic circuit Myocardial capillaries in ventricular walls Chambers of the Heart Atria Ventricles • Walls are ridged by pectinate muscles • Papillary muscles & chordae tendinae • Increase the power of contraction without increasing heart mass substantially • Prevent backflow of blood • Walls are ridged by trabeculae carneae • Prevents suction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_7e81rVd8
