Download PPt #1 Human Body Physiology INTRO

Unit 10
Physiology/ Human Body Systems
Chapter 28
* Human Body Systems
*Objectives and Questions:
*1.
I can describe how the major body systems work
together to provide cells with oxygen and remove
waste such as carbon dioxide.
*2.
I can describe the 5 levels of organization of an
organism and give examples and include how the
tissues differ at each level.
*3.
I can define homeostasis and explain how it
maintains the internal environment of an organism and
give examples of positive and negative feedback loops.
*5 Levels of Organization
1. Cells = each type of specialized cell has specific
structure and task. EX: cells in lungs are specialized to
transfer gasses
2. Tissues = groups of similar cells work together to
perform a specific function EX: Connective tissues,
muscle tissues, nervous tissues
3. Organs = multiple types of tissues functioning together
to form an organ. EX: Heart, blood vessels, bones
(many types of cells in layers of organ)
4. Organ systems = 2 or more organs work in coordination.
Ex: Heart & lungs, nerves and muscles
5. Organism = made up of organ systems
you!
EX: Beautiful
Differentiation: process which turns
embryonic stem cells into specialized
cells, with different structure and
function
After egg is fertilized by
sperm, the cells begins to
divide. Differentiation occurs
because specific genes in
each cell are turned on. This
generates differences among
cells that makes them into
specific functioning cells.
*
Major Organ Systems of the Body
Pls. see page 856 in book for chart
 Digestive-
extracts and absorbs nutrients
from food
 Respiratory-obtains oxygen, releases carbon
dioxide
 Nervous-collects and evaluates information
and issues commands for a quick response
 Circulatory-transports oxygen, carbon
dioxide, nutrients, and cells
 Endocrine-secretes chemicals called
hormones
Major Organ Systems of the Body
 Immune-
defends against pathogens and
cancer
 Muscular-movement
 Skeletal- protects and supports the body
 Urinary/Excretory- removes wastes from
blood, regulates concentration of the body’s
fluids
 Reproductive- produces gametes, nourishes
and shelters fertilized egg (females)
 Integumentary –Acts as a barrier against
infection
Body systems must coordinate to keep
organism healthy
*Example of coordination:
*Thermoregulation = maintain steady body temperature
*At rest = body heat produced by liver, heart, brain and
endocrine glands
*In motion = skeletal muscles produce 30-40 times the
heat generated by rest of body
*Hypothalamus monitors body temperature. Endocrine
and nervous systems make adjustments when hot;
muscular, respiratory and circulatory adjust when too
cold.
*
*Homeostasis = When the body regulates
and maintains the body’s internal
environment.
*Ex. – Temperature, fluids, salts, pH,
nutrients, gases
Your body uses Feedback loops to monitor body
systems and make adjustments when the body moves
to far away from its set point (normal ranges)
There are negative and positive feedback loops
- Negative feedback = stabilizing the body
Ex. Sweating to cool body down
- Positive feedback = destabilizing, changing the
body to accommodate.
Ex. After injury, increase in blood flow
* Homeostasis disruption: diabetes
*Glucose levels are controlled by 2 hormones:
*Insulin and Glucagon (both released by pancreas)
*When glucose levels are too high, pancreas releases insulin
(makes cells take in more glucose, stores extra as glycogen
in the liver)
*When glucose levels fall, pancreas releases glucagon
(stimulates liver to release stored glycogen)
*Is this a positive or negative feedback example?
*Identify two negative feedback examples:
*Identify two positive feedback examples:
* Why are most body functions regulated by
negative feedback?