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William Shakespeare The Bard 1564 - 1616 Shakespeare's Birth, Childhood, and Early Adulthood Childhood • Born April 23 (we think), 1564 • Stratford-upon-Avon, England • His father was a local prominent merchant and served as alderman and bailiff for the city (both important roles in the city's government). Shakespeare's baptismal record on April 26, 1564. Family Life Married Ann Hathaway in November of 1582 (he was 18, she was 26) The Theatres in London About the theatres Performances are banned in London due to the Bubonic Plague, so actors look for places to perform outside the city limits. o o o Though many authorities in London despised the plays, Queen Elizabeth loved them. Later, Puritans condemn the plays and deem them immoral. The Theatres... • • • • • The Theatre The Rose The Swan The Globe The Blackfriars (indoor) The Globe, Shakespeare helped construct in 1598-1599 "Jacobean" Theatres • The first Blackfriars Theatre, 1576-1584 • The second Blackfriars Theatre, 1596-1655 • Were indoor theatres in the nicer part of London • Originally, the building was part of a Dominican monastery. The residents nearby did not want performances held there, so they petitioned and won. "Jacobean" Theatres Richard Burbage (prominent actor) owned the second theater and, beginning in 1609, it was used in the winter to perform many of Shakespeare's plays. People who attended the theatres included: -merchants -lawyers -laborers -prostitutes -visitors from other countries -nobility & royalty •No lighting •No scenery--just a curtain •Could hold around 2,000 people The theatres were closed during the Bubonic Plague in 1593, 1596, 1603, and 1608. Theatre owners and acting troupes had little time to advertise and many of the theatregoers couldn't read. Therefore, they used a flag system to let audiences know when a play would be performed. Sometimes they used pictures on the flags, and sometimes just colors. The color of flag outside the theatre would indicate what type of play would be performed. FLAGS: = comedy; black = tragedy; = history Burning down the house... The Globe went up in flames on June 29, 1613 during a performance of Henry the VIII when a canon (part of the show) misfired and hit the wooden beams and thatch roof. The Leading Playwrights and Actors in the 1590s1600s Acting Troupes • The actors were considered "shareholders" and owned stock or shares in the play texts, costumes, and props. • Their pay depended on admission sales. Acting The actors were all men; young boys (age 12-14) played the female parts. Acting troupes would perform 30 - 40 plays per year, with the majority of them being brand new plays. Costumes... •Richly decorated •Didn't always match up to the time period of the play •Looking good was more important than being realistic! Costumes...