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Download 200 BC - Map - Princeton University Press
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Copyrighted Material AD 200 Dorset Inuit culture 75° Finno-Ugrians Slavs Germanic peoples Central plateau hunter-fishergatherers Turks Sarmatians Alans O 1 Hopewell burial mound traditions Desert huntergatherers Maize farmers TEOTIHUACÁN M A Berbers Athens M 4 5 Ephesus KOGURYO KUSHAN EMPIRE PARTHIAN EMPIRE Alexandria Tibetan transhumant pastoralists 5 Nok culture Bantu farmers and pastoralists Manioc farmers SATAVAHANA Yayoi chiefdoms (Japanese) Tropic of Cancer Pyu Mons HADRAMAUT Nilotic pastoralists Ethiopian highland farmers Cushitic pastoralists Tropical forest yam farmers SILLA HINDU Burmese Tais KINGDOMS SAKA KINGDOM HIMYARITE KINGDOM MEROË MAYA CITY STATES Luoyang HAN EMPIRE 6 Arabs Savanna cereal farmers and pastoralists 2 Tuyuhun 4 Libyans 45° Xiongnu 3 P I R E3 Caribbean fishers, hunters and gatherers ZAPOTECS Ainu Tocharians 2 Rome N GARAMANTES Andean chiefdoms Tungus 1 E Basketmaker cultures Khitans Huns Eastern Woodlands hunter-gatherers Great Plains bison hunters West coast fishers, hunters and gatherers Balts Celts Sub-Arctic caribou hunters CHAMPA (Chams) CHOLAS Micronesians FUNAN ANURADHAPURA 1 COLCHIS 4 NABATAEA 2 IBERIA 5 AXUM 3 ARMENIA 6 MAGADHA (Khmers) Equator Malays Papuans Polynesians n MOCHE Nazca Melanesians ry AD 1st centu TIWANAKU Savanna huntergatherers San huntergatherers Khoikhoi pastoralists esi a Aleuts Dorset Inuit culture Palaeo-Siberians Tungusic reindeer herders Samoyed reindeer herders Finns R Between ad 25 and 75, the Kushans, an Iranian nomad people, created a vast empire in Central Asia and northern India. This empire was notable for its cosmopolitan culture, blending Indian, Persian, nomad and Graeco-Roman influences, a reflection of its role as a key middleman in east–west trade routes. The Kushan empire was, however, highly decentralized and by ad 200 its power was already in decline. Superficially the other empires established before this point had scarecely changed, but in fact all had serious problems. The prestige of the Parthians, always regarded as outsiders by their Persian subjects, was collapsing after a series of defeats by Rome and the Kushans. Believing that the Roman empire was becoming over-extended, the emperor Hadrian (r. 117–38) had called a halt to Roman expansion and fortified the northern frontiers, which the increasingly well-organized German tribes were putting under ever greater pressure. In China, the Han dynasty was losing power to the local warlords on which it had relied to suppress peasant rebellions in ad 184. The warlords were now fighting between themselves. Another significant development at this time was the rise of Funan and Champa, the first kingdoms in Southeast Asia, owing mainly to the stimulus of international trade. In the 1st century ad Graeco-Roman mariners discovered how to exploit the monsoon winds to sail directly from Egypt to India and return in a single season. Trade between the Roman empire and India increased greatly as a result. To supply the Roman market, Indian mariners in their turn increased trade with Southeast Asia, taking with them not only goods but also Hindu and Buddhist culture. Dorset Inuit culture Arctic Circle Sami Dorset Inuit culture Polyn the roman and kushan empires reach their greatest extents; decline of the han empire Tropic of Capricorn Australian Aborigines Five Largest Cities 000s (approximate) 2. Luoyang (to 190) 1,000 58 1. Rome 420 4. Athens 250 3. Alexandria 250 250 5. Ephesus Hunter-gatherers Urbanized societies/ kingdoms Settled farming cultures and peoples Empires Pastoral nomads Uninhabited Pampas hunters Fishers and marine mammal hunters Tasmanians 45° Complex farming societies/chiefdoms 150° 120° 90° 60° 30° 0° 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° s
