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NOTE-TAKING GUIDE: Of the People: A History of the United States CHAPTER 20 “Industry and Empire: 1890–1900” COMMON THREADS How did industrial ideals of efficiency and organization change the practice of democracy in America during the early 1900s? Did the choices Americans made about how to run their economy set the United States on a course for overseas conflict? What did it mean to be modern? How did the pace of technological change affect Americans’ outlook? OUTLINE The Crisis of the 1890s Hard Times The Overseas Frontier America and the World: Singer Sewing Machine Company The Drive for Efficiency Progress and Force Corporate Consolidation A Modern Economy Currency and the Tariff The Cross of Gold The Battle of the Standards The Retreat from Politics The Lure of the Cities American Landscape: Galveston, Texas, 1900 Inventing Jim Crow The Atlanta Compromise Disfranchisement and the Decline of Popular Politics Organized Labor Retreats from Politics American Diplomacy Enters the Modern World Sea Power and the Imperial Urge The Scramble for Empire War with Spain The Anti-Imperialists The Philippine-American War The Open Door Conclusion WHO? WHAT? William Jennings Bryan Crop liens Samuel Gompers Gold standard William Randolph Hearst Jim Crow laws Booker T. Washington Open Door Separate but equal Taylorism REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What new techniques and practices made US industries more efficient? 2. What motivated Americans to seek an empire? 3. Why did the weather bureau discount the hurricane threat to Galveston? 4. Which cities were the main centers of industry and culture in the 1890s? 5. How did the concept of individual rights evolve in reaction to new economic conditions? Name key figures who articulated a concept of democratic rights, and describe their ideas. 6. Contrast the arguments for empire with the rhetoric of the antiimperialists. 7. Which dangers to the nation and democracy did each side stress? 8. Why was the issue of currency so important to Americans in 1896? What was at stake? NOTES: TO FOLLOW UP / QUESTIONS TO ASK IN CLASS