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Chapter 8
Ch 8-1
A.P. Test Chapters 8-10
1.
Which of the following is true of the Silk Roads?
(A)
(B)
The Silk Roads linked the entire world into a single trade network.
The Silk Roads linked the large civilizations on the outer rim of the Eurasian continent
but bypassed the pastoral peoples of the interior.
The Silk Roads were largely a relay trade route, in which goods were passed down the
line rather than carried by one merchant along the entire route.
Although important, the Silk Roads never carried as large a volume of long-distance trade
as the American networks.
(C)
(D)
2.
The exchange of diseases along the Silk Roads
(A)
(D)
while at times deadly to both agricultural and pastoral peoples, did not alter the balance
between these two peoples in Eurasia.
dramatically weakened the Christian church in the Byzantine Empire as followers
abandoned what they perceived as an uncaring God.
ultimately gave Western Europeans an advantage when they confronted peoples of the
Western hemisphere after 1500 who had not been exposed to the diseases of the Silk
Roads.
resulted in Chinese officials seeking to suppress long-distance trade.
3.
In contrast to the Silk Roads, the Sea Roads of the Indian Ocean
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
carried more products for a mass market rather than just luxury goods.
had much higher transportation costs because ships cost so much more than camels.
did not include China in the network.
were centered on the ports of East Africa.
4.
Which of the following luxury goods came to symbolize the Eurasian exchange system?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
silk
porcelain
nutmeg
glassware
(B)
(C)
Chapter 8
Ch 8-2
5.
Buddhism became an important faith in
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Central Asia.
the Swahili coast of East Africa.
Greece.
the Near East.
6.
The emergence of the Silk Roads was facilitated by
(A)
(B)
(D)
the collapse of the Indian Ocean trade network.
the expansion of China into Central Asia during the Han dynasty in an effort to control
the nomadic Xiongnu.
the emergence of the Swahili civilization, which provided security for merchants and
travelers along the eastern stretches of the Silk Roads.
the collapse of the Sand Roads trade network.
7.
Swahili civilization was most heavily influenced by which of the following cultures?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Chinese
Indian
Bantu
European
8.
Despite other difficulties, long-distance trade in the Americas was facilitated by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
wheeled vehicles.
the spread of the Chavín cult from the Andean region to Mesoamerica.
the isthmus of Panama.
the pochteca, a professional Aztec merchant class who undertook large scale trading
expeditions beyond the borders of the empire.
9.
In which third-wave civilization did the state largely control trade, not allowing a
professional merchant class to emerge?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
China
Inca
Aztec
Great Zimbabwe
(C)
Chapter 8
Ch 8-3
10.
Mesoamerica and the Andes
(A)
ran similar regional economies controlled by the state, which tried to suppress all private
merchant activity.
were in close contact, creating by far the largest and most important long-distance trade
network in the Americas.
had little to trade with each other, because both regions grew the same crops and had the
same resources.
seem to have had little direct contact with each other.
(B)
(C)
(D)
11.
The states that emerged in West Africa between 500 and 1600 shared which of the
following characteristics?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A stateless state system of government
A reputation in the wider world for great riches
A lack of substantial urban or commercial centers
A city-state system of government which stopped empires from forming
12.
The sudden rise of Islam in the seventh century had an impact on Indian Ocean
commerce because
(A)
(B)
Islamic rulers were suspicious of merchants and sought to curtail their activities.
Islamic religious leaders decreed that Muslim merchants could have no dealings with
non-Muslim traders.
early rulers of the Arab Empire sought to promote trade within the empire by prohibiting
trade by Muslim merchants beyond its borders.
Muslim merchants and sailors established communities of traders from East Africa to the
south China coast.
(C)
(D)
13.
Which of the following states had the greatest control over economic exchange within its
borders?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The Aztec Empire
Byzantium
China
The Inca Empire
Chapter 8
Ch 8-4
14.
Indian cultural influence in Southeast Asia
(A)
(B)
resulted from the political conquest of the region by Emperor Ashoka.
was a matter of voluntary adoption and adaptation of Indian religious, philosophical, and
political ideas by independent societies that found them useful.
began with the travels of the Buddha to this region toward the end of his life.
resulted in the region rejecting the influence of Islam.
(C)
(D)
15.
Which of the following was a major development in Chinese society that took shape in
the centuries following the collapse of the Han dynasty?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Northern nomads conquered some portions of China.
The Chinese began a migration northward toward the Yellow River valley.
The Chinese rejected Daoism.
Buddhism’s influence on Chinese culture declined.
16.
Which of the following was a key development behind the doubling of the Chinese
population during the Tang and Song dynasties?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The conquest of Japan
The adoption of a fast-ripening strain of rice from Vietnam
The end of warfare with pastoral peoples
The massive importation of food crops from Central Asia
17.
Which of the following is among the reasons why Tang and Song dynasty China is
regarded as a “golden age”?
(A)
Major voyages of exploration sponsored by the emperors, giving the Chinese access to a
new range of trade goods and wealth
The invention of new forms of weaponry that assured peace by giving China a new
military advantage over its neighbors
The development of democratic institutions that gave more people a say in government
Major artistic, literary, and scholarly advances, including the creation of NeoConfucianism
(B)
(C)
(D)
Chapter 8
Ch 8-5
18.
Which of the following is a reason why the Song dynasty was more restrictive toward
women than its predecessor the Tang dynasty?
(A)
(B)
(D)
The threat of foreign invasion, which gave a premium to male military skills in society
The spread of Daoism, whose female deities offended mainstream Chinese notions of
proper behavior
A reaction against the misrule of several strong empresses, who gave all women a bad
name
A revival of Confucianism, which emphasized patriarchal control over women
19.
Which of the following statements about the Chinese “tribute system” is true?
(A)
The tribute system operated at the end of wars of conquest and was designed to humiliate
the conquered people.
China’s neighbors in the pre-modern period often refused to submit to the rituals of the
tribute system, resenting China’s assumption of superiority.
The tribute system was an exploitative “one-way street,” with foreign states paying
tribute to China but the Chinese government offering nothing in return.
The Chinese government often gave other states gifts that were in fact worth more than
the tribute that those states paid to China.
(C)
(B)
(C)
(D)
20.
Which of the following was a reason that the nomadic societies to the north of China
were not absorbed into Chinese civilization?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Nomadic peoples had no interest in interacting with China.
Most steppe nomads lived in regions where Chinese-style agriculture was impossible.
The Great Wall prevented sustained contact between the two cultures.
When nomads conquered parts of northern China, they consciously rejected the culture of
their Chinese subjects.
21.
Which of the following is true of Korea?
(A)
It was profoundly shaped by the incorporation of its cultural heartland into the Chinese
Empire for over a thousand years.
It adopted the Chinese writing system in place of the Korean alphabet, hangul.
Its capital city of Kumsong was modeled directly on the Chinese capital of Chang’an.
Korea was able to avoid participating in China’s tribute system.
(B)
(C)
(D)
Chapter 8
Ch 8-6
22.
Which of the following contributed to China’s economic revolution during the Tang and
Song dynasties?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Sophisticated commercial networks that rejected paper money in favor of gold
A complex network of internal waterways that allowed cheap transportation
The import of large numbers of slaves to work in agriculture and industry
The large scale immigration of Japanese workers
23.
What do the Xiongnu, the Uighurs, the Khitan, and the Jurchen have in common?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
All four established nomadic empires to the south of China.
All four were highly antagonistic toward China.
All four were able to gain large amounts of valuable goods from China, often as thinly
disguised “protection money” that kept them from attacking China.
All four failed in efforts to conquer the northern portions of the Chinese Empire.
24.
Chinese interaction with the northern nomads during the Tang dynasty resulted in
(A)
(B)
(C)
the conversion of large numbers of the northern nomads to Chinese cultural ways.
the widespread adoption in China of nomadic shamanistic religions.
a mixed Chinese/Turkish culture evolving in northern China that produced the founder of
the Tang dynasty.
Chinese public disdain for the music, clothing, and artistic styles of nomads as a way of
asserting their cultural superiority.
(D)
25.
Korea and Japan were similar in that
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
they both suffered under direct Chinese political rule.
their borrowings from Chinese civilization were wholly voluntary.
they both declined to participate in the Chinese tribute system.
they both sent people to China to study Chinese thought and culture.
26.
Which of the following statements best describes Korea’s relationship with China in the
pre-modern period?
(A)
Chinese culture deeply influenced Korean society at every level, including even peasants
and slaves.
The Korean elite adopted many elements of Chinese culture, sending thousands of
students to China besides importing many Chinese goods and customs.
Korea was a subject state ruled directly by China for most of its history.
To give themselves legitimacy, the rulers of the Korean Silla, Koryo, and Yi dynasties
emphasized their connection to Korean legend, in an effort to distance themselves from
the Chinese.
(B)
(C)
(D)
Chapter 8
Ch 8-7
27.
Which of the following technological innovations spread from China during the Tang or
Song dynasty periods?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The processing of sugar
Printing
Cannons
Windmills
28.
Which of the following was a factor in the growth of Buddhism in China after 300 C.E.?
(A)
Increased disorder following the collapse of the Han dynasty, which discredited
Confucianism
The celibacy of Buddhist monks and their withdrawal from society correlated well with
Confucian values.
Sustained missionary endeavors undertaken by Buddhist monks from Korea
Buddhists led the failed An Lushan rebellion of 755–563, discrediting their religion in the
eyes of government administrators.
(B)
(C)
(D)
29.
In comparison to Byzantium, the Latin West before 1000 C.E.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
was more politically unified.
had a Christian church more firmly under the control of political authorities.
possessed no city that could compare to the splendor of Constantinople.
was more integrated into the Silk Roads.
30.
Which of the following was a long-term impact of the Crusades?
(A)
The Crusades weakened significantly the influence of Turkic-speaking peoples in the
Islamic world.
The Crusades led to Western Christendom conquering the Muslim regions of the Iberian
Peninsula.
Animosity from the Crusades ended the flow of Muslim learning into Europe.
The large-scale conversion of Middle Eastern peoples to Christianity occurred.
(B)
(C)
(D)
Chapter 8
Ch 8-8
31.
One factor that contributed to the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the
Eastern Orthodox Church was
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
the acceptance of married priests in the Roman Catholic Church.
the fear of the growth of Islam.
disagreement about the veneration of icons.
political rivalry between the Byzantine Empire and Kiev.
32.
In its cultural interaction with the Byzantine Empire, Kievan Russia
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
ultimately adopted Roman Catholicism rather than Orthodox Christianity.
adopted the political ideals of imperial control of the Church.
adopted the Greek alphabet.
developed an extensive silk industry using Byzantine technologies.
33.
The Byzantine Empire
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
fell along with the Persian Empire to Arab forces in the eighth century.
transmitted ancient Greek learning to both Western Europe and the Islamic world.
produced few products with which to trade along the Silk Roads.
was able to bring the eastern and western branches of the Christian Church back together
under its leadership.
34.
In what way was the spread of Christianity in Western Europe similar to the spread of
Buddhism in China?
(A)
The rejection of wealth by both Buddhist and Christian monasteries was a key to their
growing influence.
Neither Buddhism nor Christianity had much appeal for recently settled nomadic rulers.
Both Buddhist and Christian monasteries were systematically shut down by state
authorities after 800 C.E.
The prospect of relative freedom from male control drew substantial numbers of women
to both Buddhist and Christian nunneries.
(B)
(C)
(D)
35.
In Western Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire in 476,
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
only Rome was able to maintain its population at nearly a million inhabitants.
outside Italy, long-distance trade largely vanished.
more land came under cultivation than at the height of the Roman Empire.
Odoacer rapidly restored large-scale centralized rule.
Chapter 8
Ch 8-9
36.
Which of the following was evidence of the expansion and growth of European
civilization during the High Middle Ages?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
There was a considerable increase in long-distance trade.
Cities increased in size, approaching the size of the Song dynasty’s capital of Hangzhou
in China.
Europe’s population declined, creating agricultural surpluses.
Most of North Africa converted to Christianity.
37.
In Western Europe, women
(A)
saw a continual expansion in economic opportunities from the eleventh to the sixteenth
century.
had no opportunities outside the home.
regularly entered university training to become lawyers and doctors after the twelfth
century.
were able to practice some trades, especially between the eleventh and thirteenth
centuries.
(B)
(C)
(D)
38.
With regard to the conversion of Western Europe to Christianity,
(A)
Pope Gregory succeeded in converting numerous peoples only after he ordered
missionaries to destroy pagan temples upon their arrival in communities.
the Church was willing to accommodate a considerable range of earlier cultural practices,
by absorbing them into an emerging Christian tradition.
the Church pursued a bottom-up strategy, converting the people before they sought to
convert their rulers.
the Church and their allies among Christian rulers never used coercion to convert
communities because such conversions were not considered valid.
(B)
(C)
(D)
39.
With regard to women, the growth of cities in Western Europe after 1000
(A)
led at first to women losing the right to practice traditional professions, although from the
1300s they regained their rights.
at first allowed women to participate in many professions, although by the fifteenth
century opportunities were declining.
led to technological innovations that gave women greater opportunities than in the past.
led essentially to conditions of gender equality.
(B)
(C)
(D)
Chapter 8
Ch 8-10
40.
In the long term, the crusading movement by Western Europeans
(A)
disrupted channels of trade because animosity between Christians and Muslims
effectively ended trade between these two cultures for centuries to come.
brought the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christian churches closer together as
they united in their struggle against the Islamic world.
was used by Europeans to rationalize later empire building.
led to widespread conversions to Christianity in the Middle East.
(B)
(C)
(D)
41.
Which of the following civilizations gave the least amount of power to its rulers during
the period 1000–1300?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Western Europe
The Byzantine Empire
China
Japan
42.
A good example of Europeans building on rather than just borrowing technologies from
other civilizations is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
the compass.
the gunpowder cannon.
paper-making.
the lateen sail.
Chapter 8
Ch 8-11