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Chapter 1: Introduction and DC Circuit AZRALMUKMIN BIN AZMI Chapter 1.5: Series-Parallel Network, Source Transformation, Thevenin’s Theorem AZRALMUKMIN BIN AZMI Series-Parallel Network Series-parallel networks are networks that contain both series and parallel circuit configuration. General approach to circuit analysis: - Reduce and return approach - Block diagram approach Series-Parallel Network (Cont…) Reduce and return approach Series-Parallel Network (Cont…) Reduce and return approach Series-Parallel Network (Cont…) Find I3: Series-Parallel Network (Cont…) Find I4, Is and V2: Series-Parallel Network (Cont…) Block diagram approach Series-Parallel Network (Cont…) Find all current and voltage: Series-Parallel Network (Cont…) Find all current and voltage: Series-Parallel Network (Cont…) Find V1, V3, Vab and IS: Series-Parallel Network (Cont…) Find V1, V2 and I: Series-Parallel Network (Cont…) Find Va, Vb, Vc, Vac, Vbc, I2 and IS3: Source Transformation In reality, all sources (voltage or current source) have some internal resistance. Voltage source Current source Source Transformation (Cont…) Source conversion: Source Transformation (Cont…) Find: - IL - Convert to a current source and calculate IL Source Transformation (Cont…) Find I2: Thevenin’s Theorem Any two terminal can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source (VTH) and a series resistor (RTH). Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…) Used to: - Analyze networks and sources that are not in parallel and series. - Reduce the number of components required to establish the same characteristics at the output terminals. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…) Procedure to determine RTH and VTH: Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…) Preliminary: 1. Remove that portion of the network across which Thevenin's equivalent circuit is to be found. In figure, required RL is temporarily removed from network. 2. Mark the terminals of remaining two terminal network. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…) RTH: 3. Calculate RTH by setting all source to zero (Voltage = short circuit and Current = open circuit) 4. Finding the resultant resistance between the two marked terminals. RTH R1 // R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 (3)(6) 2 3 6 Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…) ETH: 5. Calculate VTH by first returning all sources to their original position and finding the open circuit voltage between the marked terminals. ETH R2 E1 R1 R2 6 (9) 3 6 6V Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…) Conclusion: 6. Draw the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…) Conclusion (Cont…): 7. If required reconnect the portion which had been removed previously. Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…) Find Thevenin's equivalent circuit for the network in the shaded area: Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…) Find Thevenin's equivalent circuit for the network in the shaded area: Thevenin’s Theorem (Cont…) Find Thevenin's equivalent circuit for the network in the shaded area: