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Empires in Mesopotamia Sumerian Empire Mostly farmers; they invented the wheel and the plow They lived in city-states- cities(urban) surrounded by countryside(rural) They built walled cities w/ moats for protection Each city-state depended on military strength They were one of the first to have bronze tools Akkadians Akkadian Empire Began in Akkad (In same spot as modern day Baghdad, Iraq) Sargon - created the world's 1st empire by conquering the city-states of Sumer Babylonian Empire Capital city- Babylon Hammurabi was the monarch – the single ruler who united the empire – he collected taxes and developed buildings and irrigation. Hammurabi's Code of laws - 282 laws written down for all to see (included laws about murder, theft, trade, injury, etc). Hittites Built a kingdom in Asia Minor (near modern day Turkey) They mastered ironworking They used chariots – wheeled horse-drawn carts used in battle Assyrian Empire This was the largest empire that expanded from the Persian Gulf to Asia Minor and Egypt They used advanced iron weapons, cruel tactics, horse-drawn chariots, and siege warfare (battering rams) to spread terror They created heavy taxes, built roads to connect the empire, and sent messengers on horseback Chaldean Empire These were people from the Syrian Desert; they attacked and destroyed the Assyrian empire Their king was Nebuchadnezzar; he rebuilt Babylon and constructed a magnificent palace with trees and flowers called the Hanging Gardens of Babylon The Chaldeans respected Sumerian culture so they copied Sumerian language and gods Mesopotamia became center for Astronomy- admired Sumerian culture