Download Blood Typing

Health Occupations
 Identify
key terms: Antigen &
Antibody
 Identify 4 Blood Types
◦ Antigens Present
◦ Antibodies Present
◦ Blood type donation/reception
 Understand
blood types
the effects of mixing



Antigens: foreign object, pathogen
Antibodies: proteins secreted by
lymphocytes in response to presence of
antigens
Antibodies bond with antigens = lock and
key phenomenon


Blood type is determined by antigens on the
surface of RBC
A
◦ Only A antigens

B
◦ Only B antigens

AB
◦ Both A and B antigens

O
◦ Neither A or B antigens
 Your
immune system has a
tolerance against it own antigens.
(you like your own antigens)
EX: Antigen
A
type
A
blood. It will NOT form anti-A
antibodies.
Blood Type
Antigens on RBC’s
Antibodies in Plasma
A
A
Anti - B
B
B
Anti - A
AB
A&B
None
O
None
Anti-A & Anti -B
Need to mix serum of the patient with
the blood cells of the donor.
 If Type A gets matched with Type B
then antibodies will clump together
 If this test is not done hemolysis
(rupture of blood cells) can occur


Type O Blood
◦ Universal donor
 Because it lacks A and B antigens

Type AB Blood
◦ Universal recipients because they lack anti-A and
anti-B antibodies.
 (they won’t attack new blood coming in)
Blood Type
Receive blood from:
Donate blood to:
A
A, O
A, AB
B
B,O
B, AB
AB
A, B, AB, O
AB
O
O
A, B, AB, O





Found in RBC
Rh- : people who do not have antigens on
RBC
Rh+ : people who do have the antigen on RBC
About 85% of Americans are Rh+
If RH + blood is given to Rh- then the body
thinks it is an invading pathogen and starts to
form antibodies for the lock and key



When an Rh- mother delivers an Rh+ baby,
some of the baby’s blood may contact the
blood of the mother
The mother’s blood then forms antibodies
against Rh+ RBC
If the mother has another Rh+ pregnancy the
antibodies will attack the baby’s blood
causing erythroblastosis fetalis.