Download Topic 4.4 practice exam questions File

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Plant Cells, Cellulose and Specialised Plant
Cells
Topic 4.4
63 min
55 marks
1.
(a)
Below are four cell structures A, B, C and D. Place a cross in the box next to each
structure found only in plant cells.
A
plasmodesmata
B
ribosome
C
tonoplast
D
chromosome
(2)
(b)
The list below shows some organelles found in eukaryotic cells.
amyloplast
lysosome
centriole
mitochondrion
chloroplast
nucleus
ribosome
Complete the table by choosing the correct organelle to match each description.
Organelle
Description
Has a smooth outer membrane and a
folded inner membrane
Contains a starch granule enclosed by a
membrane
Spherical sac formed from a single
membrane and containing enzymes
(3)
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(c)
Describe the structure of a cellulose microfibril.
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(4)
(Total 9 marks)
2.
(a)
Identify the organelles (structures inside a cell) which fit the descriptions given in the
table below. The first one has been done for you.
Description
i
Where photosynthesis takes place and carbon dioxide
is converted into sugar
ii
Where aerobic respiration takes place
iii
Where amino acids are joined together to form
proteins
iv
Packages proteins into vesicles so that they can be
released from the cell by exocytosis
v
A large space inside a plant cell surrounded by a
tonoplast and helping to maintain cell turgidity
vi
Divides and organises a spindle in an animal cell as it
starts to undergo mitosis
Name of organelle
chloroplast
(5)
(b)
Describe the structure of pits in plant cells and explain their function.
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(2)
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(c)
Give two ways in which the structure of a prokaryotic cell differs from a eukaryotic cell.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
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2 ..................................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 9 marks)
3.
Plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose, whereas animal cells do not have a cell wall.
(a)
State three other structural features found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
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2 ..................................................................................................................................
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3 ..................................................................................................................................
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(3)
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(b)
The photograph below shows a transverse section through the stem of a stinging nettle
(Urtica dioica), as seen through a light microscope. Diagrams P and Q show some cells
from two regions of the section.
Alfred Pasieka /Science Photo Library
(i)
Name the type of cell found at P and at Q.
P ........................................................................................................................
Q ........................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)
Explain how the structure of the cell walls found at P and Q provides the strength to
help support the whole plant.
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(3)
(Total 8 marks)
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4.
Complete the following by filling in the spaces with the most appropriate word or words.
Plant cell walls are largely made up of cellulose. Cellulose molecules consist of
 .................................... molecules joined together in very long chains. These
cellulose molecules lie parallel, bound together by .................................... bonds
making up ..................................... A xylem vessel is a tube which forms when a
long row of cells dies and the end walls of the cells break down. As well as
containing cellulose the walls of xylem vessels contain lignin, which makes them
.................................... and .....................................
(Total 5 marks)
5.
Read through the following passage about water, then write on the dotted lines the most
appropriate word or words to complete the passage.
A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom held
together by ........................................ bonds. There is an unequal distribution of charge
over the molecule. This is called a ........................................ and results in water being a
good ........................................ for many substances such as sodium ions.
Bonds called ........................................ bonds form between water molecules. As a result
water has a high ................................................................ meaning that a lot of
energy is needed to cause a small rise in temperature.
(Total 5 marks)
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6.
The table below refers to starch and cellulose molecules. Complete the table by placing a tick
( ) in the appropriate box if the statement is correct or a cross ( ) if the statement is incorrect.
Do not leave any boxes empty.
The first line has been done for you.
Starch
Molecule with branches
attached by 1-6 linkages

Cellulose

Molecules always long
and straight
Formed from α glucose
molecules
Form microfibrils by
hydrogen bonding
Major component of
plant cell walls
Stored in amyloplasts
(Total 5 marks)
7.
The table below lists some features of a typical plant cell and a typical animal cell.
Complete the table with a tick ( ) if you would expect the feature to be usually present or a
cross ( ) if you would expect it to be absent.
Do not leave any boxes empty.
The first line has been done for you.
Typical plant cell
Typical animal cell
Cellulose cell wall
Chloroplasts
Cell membrane
Large central vacuole
Chromosomes
Centrioles
Cytoplasm
Stored starch
(Total 7 marks)
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8.
Cellulose and starch are both polysaccharides, made up of glucose molecules condensed
together.
(a)
Describe how the molecular structure of a cellulose molecule differs from that of a starch
molecule.
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(3)
(b)
In the cell walls of plants, the cellulose molecules are arranged so that they make up
cellulose microfibrils. Explain how the arrangement of cellulose molecules in a
microfibril give it great strength.
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(2)
(c)
Xylem vessels are tubes formed when columns of cells die. Their walls are made of
cellulose strengthened with other substances, such as lignin. In addition to providing
support, xylem vessels also transport water from the roots to the leaves with the help of
cohesion. Explain what is meant by cohesion.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
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