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HEREDITY(WORKSHEET(! ! Name:!!! ! ! ! ! ! MONOHYBRID(CROSSES(WITH(DOMINANT(TRAITS( ( 1. The!table!below!indicates!dominant!and!recessive!traits!in!corn!plants.!Refer!to!this! information!for!questions!1!–!7.! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!!!!Dominant! Recessive! Tall!(T)! Short!(t)! Green!(G)! Albino!(g)! ! 2. In!corn!plants,!plant!height!is!determined!by!one!gene!with!two!alleles.! a) How!many!alleles!that!control!the!trait!for!height!are!present!in!each!cell!nucleus! 2! of!a!corn!plant?!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! b) How!many!alleles!that!control!the!trait!for!height!are!present!in!each!gamete! 1 ! (sperm!or!egg!cell)!of!a!corn!plant?!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3. What!are!the!genotypes!of!corn!plants!that!are…! a) Homozygous!tall:!! ! TT ! ! ! ! ! ! Tt b) Heterozygous!tall:!! ! ! ! ! ! ! tt c) Dwarf:!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4. What!are!the!genotypes!of!possible!gametes!of!corn!plants!that!are…! a) Homozygous!tall:!! b) Heterozygous!tall:!! t ! c) Dwarf:!! ! ! T ! T! , t ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5. What!is!the!predicted!phenotype!ratio!in!the!progeny!of!a!cross!between!two!corn!! plants!that!are!both!heterozygous!tall?! a) b) c) d) ! ! ! t! !!X!!! !!X!!! !!X!!! !Tall ! !Tt ! T ! !!! T t ____________!!!!!!!____________!!!! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !Tall ! Tt !!!!!! Parent!phenotypes:!!! Parent!genotypes:!!!!!! Gametes:! ! ! T Punnett!Square:! ! ! ! ! ! T! t! ! ! ! TT ! Tt ! ! Tt tt ! ! t ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1:2:1 e) What!is!the!ratio!of!genotypes!in!this!mating?!!! ! ! ! ! f) What!is!the!ratio!of!phenotypes!in!this!mating?!! ! 3:1 ! ! ! ! 6. Using!the!same!method!as!above,!determine!the!expected!progeny!in!a!cross! between!a!heterozygous!tall!corn!plant!and!a!dwarf!corn!plant.! ! a) Parent!phenotypes:!!! ! Tall ! !!X!!! ! Short ! ! ! Tt tt b) Parent!genotypes:!!!!!! ! ! !!X!!! ! ! ! ! T t t t c) Gametes:! ! ! !!!!!! ! !!X!!! ! !!! ! ! d) Punnett!Square:! T t ! ! ! ! ____________!!!!!!!____________!!!! ! ! ! t ! ! ! ! ! ! t! !! ! ! ! Tt Tt tt tt e) What!is!the!ratio!of!genotypes!in!this!mating?!! ! 1:1 ! ! ! f) What!is!the!ratio!of!phenotypes!in!this!mating?! ! 1:1 ! ! ! ! 7. Refer!to!the!table!on!the!first!page.!Determine!the!expected!progeny!of!a!cross! between!a!heterozygous!green!corn!plant!and!an!albino!corn!plant.! ! a) Parent!phenotypes:!!! ! Green ! !!X!!! ! Albino ! ! ! Gg gg b) Parent!genotypes:!!!!! ! ! !!X!!! ! ! ! ! g! g! c) Gametes:! ! ! G !!!!!! !!X!!! ! g !!! ! d) Punnett!Square:! G g ! ! ! ! ____________!!!!!!!____________!!!! ! ! ! g ! ! ! !! g! ! ! Gg Gg ! gg gg ! ! g) What!is!the!ratio!of!genotypes!in!this!mating?!! a) What!is!the!ratio!of!phenotypes!in!this!mating?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1:1! ! ! 1:1! ! ! ! ! 8. The!table!below!lists!dominant!and!recessive!traits!in!pea!plants.!Refer!to!this! information!for!questions!9!–!11,!and!question!22.!Use!the!extra!space!on!the!next! page!in!case!you!need!to!sketch!out!Punnett!squares!or!make!notes.! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !Dominant! !!!!!!!Recessive! Purple!(P)! White!(p)! Round!(R)! Wrinkled!(r)! Yellow!seed!(G)! Green!seed!(g)! ! ! 9. Refer!to!the!table!above.!What!are!the!possible!genotypes!of!parent!pea!plants!in! crosses!that!yield!the!following!ratios:! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Parent!Genotypes! a) 3!round!seeds!:!1!wrinkled!seed! b) all!white!flowers! ! ! ! c) all!purple!flowers!(3!possibilities)! ! ! ! ! ! ! Rr ! pp ! PP ! PP ! PP ! !!!X!!! !!!X!!! !!!X!!! !!!X""" !!!X""" !!!X!!! ! Rr ! pp ! pp " Pp " PP ! rr ! ! ! " " ! ! ! ! " " ! Rr d) 1!round!seed!:!1!wrinkled!seed! ! ! ! 10. Is!it!possible!to!observe!differences!between!homozygous!and!heterozygous! of individuals!that!both!possess!the!dominant!allele?!! No, !the presence ! ! a recessive ! allele can only be observed in the homozygous recessive phenotype. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 11. To!determine!the!genotype!of!a!tall!pea!plant!by!using!a!test!cross,!it!should!be!crossed! with!a!!! short ! !pea!plant.!In!this!test!cross,!what!would!the!genotype!of!the!tall! pea!plant!be!if…! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a) All!the!progeny!are!tall:!!! ! b) Half!the!progeny!are!tall:!! Tt ! TT! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DOMINANT/RECESSIVE(TRAITS(DETERMINED(BY(A(SINGLE(GENE( ( 12. The!following!table!lists!some!human!traits!that!are!determined!by!a!simple! dominant/recessive!mode!of!inheritance.!Record!your!phenotypes!and!the! frequency!of!the!phenotypes!among!members!of!your!class.! Trait! Phenotype! ! Handedness! Right_handed*! ! ! Left_handed! ! ! ! Ear!lobes! Free*! ! ! Attached! ! ! Freckled*! ! ! Non_freckled! ! ! Widow’s!peak*! ! ! Straight! ! ! ! Little!finger! Bent*! ! ! Straight! ! ! ! Tongue!roll! Yes*! ! ! No! ! ! ! Rh!factor! Rh+*! ! ! Rh_! ! ! ! Freckles! ! Hairline! Your!phenotype! Number!in!class! with!Phenotype! ! *!Indicates!a!dominant!trait.! ! a) For!each!trait,!is!the!dominant!phenotype!always!more!abundant!among!class! members?!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! b) Assume!your!class!is!representative!of!the!general!population.!What!can!you! conclude!about!the!relationship!between!dominant!and!recessive!phenotypes!and! their!frequencies!! in!the!population?!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 13. Newlyweds!Bill!and!Sue!are!non_freckled,!but!they!each!have!one!parent!with! freckles.!They!wonder!about!the!probability!of!their!children!having!freckles.!What! No of freckled would!you!tell!them?!! ! ! chance ! ! ! kids. ! ! ! Bill and Sue only have the recessive non-freckled allele to pass on to their kids. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 14. Mary!has!freckles,!but!her!husband!Dick!does!not.!Mary’s!father!has!freckles,!but!her! mother!does!not.!What!is!the!probability!that!Mary!and!Dick!will!have!a!freckled! child?!! Mary: Ff ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 50% chance Dick: ff! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! INCOMPLETE(DOMINANCE(AND(CODOMINANCE( ( 15. Contrast!the!inheritance!patterns!of!incomplete!dominance!and!codominance.! ! a) Incomplete!dominance:!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! b) Codominance:!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 16. What!are!the!genotype!and!phenotype!ratios!of!a!cross!between!two!snapdragons! with!pink!flowers!(in!snapdragons,!red!color!is!incompletely!dominant!with!white).! a) Genotype!ratio:!! ! ! !1:2:1 ! ! ! ! ! ! 1:2:1 b) Phenotype!ratio:!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 17. Sickle_cell!anemia!also!exhibits!incomplete!dominance!with!the!allele!for!normal! blood!cells.!What!is!the!probability!that!parents!who!are!both!heterozygous!for! sickle_cell!hemoglobin!would!have!a!child!with!at!least!some!sickle_cells?!! ! !2 ( out! of 4! chance or! 50%; Punnet there are ! ! in the ! ! ! square, ! ! ! 2 heterozygous potential offspring ( !ABO$BLOOD$TYPES$AND$Rh$FACTOR$ ( 18. Rh!blood!type!is!determined!by!two!alleles.!The!allele!for!Rh+!blood!is!dominant,! and!the!allele!for!Rh_!blood!is!recessive.!! a) Linda!is!Rh_,!and!is!pregnant.!Her!husband!Tom!is!Rh+,!as!are!both!of!his!parents.!! What!is!Linda’s!genotype?!! ! ! rr ! ! ! ! ! ! b) What!are!the!two!possible!genotypes!for!Tom?!!Rr ! ! ! ! RR ! ! ! ! c) What!is!the!probability!of!Linda!and!Tom’s!baby!being!Rh_!if…! Tom!is!homozygous!for!Rh+!blood?!!100% ! ! i. Tom!is!heterozygous!for!Rh+!blood?!!50% ! ! 19. True!or!false?! ii. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a) b) c) d) True A!type!O!child!may!have!two!type!A!parents:!! ! ! ! ! ! False A!type!O!child!may!have!one!type!AB!parent:!! ! ! ! ! ! True A!type!B!child!may!have!two!type!AB!parents:!! ! ! ! ! False A!type!AB!child!may!have!on!type!O!parent:!! ! ! ! ! ! ! 20. Ann!(type!A,!Rh+!blood)!is!suing!Joe!(type!AB,!Rh_!blood)!for!child!support.!She! claims!that!he!is!the!father!of!her!child!(type!B,!Rh+!blood).!! ! a) From!this!information,!is!it!possible!that!Joe!is!the!father!of!Ann’s!child?!! ! ! ! Yes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! b) What!blood!type(s)!would!Joe!have!to!possess!to!prove!that!he!is!NOT!the!father! Type A! or Type of!Ann’s!child?!! ! ! ! O ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 21. Alleles!for!type!A!or!B!blood!(dominant)!are!indicated!with!an!A!or!B.!The!allele!for! type!O!blood!(recessive)!is!indicated!with!an!O.!What!is!the!expected!genotype!and! phenotype!ratios!of!these!matings:! ! a) AB!X!OO! 1:1 (AO, ! ! BO) ! Genotype!ratio:!! ! Phenotype!ratio:!!!1:1 b) AO!X!BO! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1:1:1:1 !(AB,! BO, AO, ! ! !OO) Genotype!ratio:!! ! ! 1:1:1:1 Phenotype!ratio:!!! ! ! ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! DIHYBRID(CROSSES(WITH(DOMINANCE( ( ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 22. Determine!the!phenotype!ratio!in!the!progeny!of!a!cross!between!two!yellow_round,! dihybrid!pea!plants.!Refer!to!the!table!of!dominant/recessive!traits!for!pea!plants.( &! Round a) Parent!phenotypes:!!!Yellow ! & Round ! !!X!!! Yellow ! ! ! b) Parent!genotypes:!!!!!! ! GgRr ! !!X!!! ! GgRr ! ! ! GR, Gr, gr, gR GR, Gr, gr, gR c) Gametes:! ! ! !!!!!! ! !!X!!! ! !!! ! ! d) Punnett!Square:! GR Gr gR gr !!!!!!!!!________!!!!!________!!!!!!!_______!!!!!!!________! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! GGRR GGRr GgRR GgRr ! ! ! GR Gr! gR ! gr! ! ! ! GGRr GGrr ! ! ! ! ! ! GgRR ! GgRr GgRr Ggrr ! ! ! ! GgRr Ggrr ! ggRR ! ggRr ggRr ggrr ! ! 23. List!the!possible!gametes!of!a!dihybrid!organism!with!a!genotype!of!AaBb.! aB! a)!Possible!gametes:! !AB ! !!! Ab ! !!! !!! ab ! ! 24. If!two!tall_green,!dihybrid!corn!plants!were!crossed,!each!with!a!genotype!of!TtGg,! what!would!be!the!expected!phenotype!ratio!in!the!progeny?!Refer!to!the!table!on! the!first!page.! Tall_green:!! ! ! !!Dwarf_Green:!! ! ! ! ! Tall_albino:!! ! ! $$Dwarf_albino:!! ! ! ! ! SEX8LINKED(GENES( ( 25. Why!are!more!males!color_blind!than!females?!! ! ! ! ! ! ! Males only have one X chromosome and therefore only one allele affecting color-blindness ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 26. The!allele!for!color_blindness!is!indicated!here!as:!XC.!Determine!the!expected! phenotype!ratio!of!children!from!these!matings:! a) Normal!female!(XX)!X!color_blind!male!(XCY):!!! ! Male: 1:0 normal vision:color-blind Female: 1:0 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! C b) Carrier!female!(XX )!X!normal!male!(XY):!! ! ! Female: 1:0 ! ! Male:! 0:1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ( ( ( ( ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! PEDIGREE(ANALYSIS( ( 27. Refer!to!the!symbols!below!and!examine!the!pedigrees!(family!trees)!below.! Determine!whether!the!inherited!trait!(!!or!●)!is!dominant,!recessive!or!sex_linked! recessive.!! ! ! ! ! ! a) ! b) ! ! ! ! ! c)! ! Dominant Recessive, possibly X-linked Recessive, not X-linked
