Download Unit 9 Vocabulary Cold War

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Unit 9 Vocabulary: The Cold War
BIG QUESTIONS
In what ways did WWII help shape the Cold War?
How did differing political and economic systems help cause the
Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?
How did the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet
Union involve other nations around the world?
How did the Cold War lead to an arms race?
What role did science and technology play in the Cold War?
What role did the United Nations play in the Cold War?
What were the causes and impacts of the collapse of the Soviet
Union?
What kinds of problems did Eastern European countries face in the
transition to democracy and a market economy?
BIG IDEAS
Communism is a political and economic system that is the opposite of the political system of Democracy and the
economic system of Capitalism that we have in the United States. The U.S. was a capitalist superpower. The Soviet
Union was a communist superpower. These two countries were enemies from 1945-1992.
After WWII, West Germany and Japan developed democratic governments. East Germany and Eastern European
countries developed communist governments.
The United States took many steps to try and stop the spread of Communism into Western European countries and the
United States. It was the goal of the U.S. to end Communism.
Between 1970 and 1990, the Cold War began to end because the Soviet Union started to fall apart. Communist countries
realized that Communism was not the best political and economic system.
1. POLITICAL TERMS
Containment Policy of taking action to keep
North Atlantic
Communism to the areas where it already Treaty
existed and not let it spread to other
Organization
countries
(NATO)
Eastern
Europe
Communist countries such as Poland,
Hungary and Romania
East
Germany
Communist half of Germany
West
Germany
Capitalist/Democratic half of Germany
Warsaw Pact
Superpower
Alliance of Western European
Countries.
NATO nations have
Capitalism/Democracy.
Alliance of Eastern European countries led by the
Soviet Union.
Warsaw Pact countries were Communist.
The big countries of the Cold War.
United States = Capitalism &
Democracy
Soviet Union = Communism
Satellite Country Communist countries in Eastern Europe
that were influenced by the Soviet
Union during the Cold War.
Soviet Satellite nations acted like a
buffer between Capitalism in the West
and Communism in the East.
Bolsheviks
Russian Communists
Iron Curtain
Imaginary line between Communist
countries in the East and Capitalist
countries in the West
Non-Aligned
Nation
United Nations
(UN)
Countries that did not take a side
during the Cold War.
International peace keeping
organization created in 1945. The UN
still keeps the peace today.
2. ECONOMIC TERMS
COMMUNISM
CAPITALISM Economic system of the United
Economic and political system of the Soviet Union
States.
The open exchange of goods without
any added tariffs (taxes). Free trade
encourages nations to trade with each
other because there is not an
additional cost.
Another name for Capitalism.
Economic decisions are based on
supply and demand.
Command Economy Another name for Communism. The goals and
Private
Ownership
Individuals own businesses. The
government does not get involved in
business.
Goods
Standard of
Living
The comfort level expected by people
in a particular area.
New Economic
Policy (NEP)
Lenin’s economic policy in Russia that combined
elements of capitalism and communism. This plan
began in 1921 and was ended by Stalin in 1928.
Five-year plans
Stalin’s plan for the industrialization of the Soviet
Union and the improvement of agricultural
production. Began in 1928.
The process or government policy of spreading the
wealth and goods produced by a country evenly
among all people in order to prevent a country with
rich people and poor people.
Free Trade
Market Economy
Free Market
Economy
policies of economy are set by the government.
Collectivism
Idea that people work to benefit the whole of society
rather than seeking personal benefit.
People share responsibility for farming and industrial
work.
Things that are made in a factory and sold.
Capitalist countries tend to have a
better standard of living.
Redistribution of
Wealth
3. Beginning of the Cold War
Berlin Airlift
After the Soviet Union cut off access
to the city of Berlin, the United States
and other countries dropped needed
supplies into the city of Berlin from
airplanes.
Truman Doctrine The U.S. sent military and economic
Berlin Wall
Wall that divided the Communist part
of the city of Berlin (East Berlin) from
the Capitalist part of Berlin (West
Berlin)
A very destructive weapon that can
destroy large cities or more
Marshall Plan
Nuclear
Weapon
aid (money) to the Eastern European
countries of Turkey and Greece to help
this countries resist the threat of
Communism and stay Capitalist
countries. 1947
Massive economic aid package
(money) to help make democratic
countries in Europe stronger.
Communist Bloc The group of nations surrounding the
eastern and southeastern border of
the Soviet Union that were Communist.
4. Impact of the Cold War
Arms
Weapons
Cuban Missile
Crisis
13-day crisis in October, 1962 in which Nuclear
the United States ordered the removal Proliferation
of Soviet missiles that has been
placed in Cuba. The U.S. and the
Soviet Union came very close to war
but did not go to war.
Someone who disagrees with his/her
Space Race
own government.
Dissident
Espionage
The use of spies by a government to
discover the secrets of other nations.
Arms Race
Sputnik
When countries are competing to
have the biggest armies and the most
weapons
The spreading of nuclear weapons to
many countries. An increasing number
of nuclear weapons that exist in the
world.
The U.S. and the Soviet Union were in
competition to have the best space
program and to send men to space
first
The first satellite launched into space.
It was sent by the Soviet Union in 1957.
Satellites are used by TV and cell
phones to send signals to earth.
KOREAN
WAR
5. Korean War & Vietnam War
1950-1953
1955-1975
VIETNAM
North Korea = Communism
The United States tried to stop the spread of
WAR
South Korea = Democracy
Communism to South Vietnam.
North Korea vs.
South Korea & United States
38th Parallel
Demarcation
The U.S. and South Korea were trying to
stop North Korea from invading South
Korea.
The line dividing North Korea from South
Korea
A separation or boundary.
17th Parallel
The line dividing North and South Vietnam
6. End of the Cold War
Disarmament
The process of reducing how many
Detente
weapons a country has or how big a
country’s army is.
Reunification of
Germany
The rejoining of East Germany with
West Germany in 1990.
Glasnost
SALT
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty.
These were agreements between
the U.S. and Soviet Union to put a
limit on the number of nuclear
weapons each side had.
Perestroika
The attempt to ease tensions between
the Soviet Union and the United States
in the 1970s. This included cultural
exchanges and the limitation of
weapons.
The policy of the Soviet Union in the
1980s. This policy was based on
openness in dealing with other nations.
The economic plan of Mikhail
Gorbachev in the Soviet Union. The
plan involved a restructuring of the
Soviet economy through decentralized
planning.
7. People
Vladimir Lenin
Leader of the Russian Revolution of
1917. Leader of Russia until 1924.
Karl Marx
Joseph Stalin
Communist dictator of the Soviet
Union during WWII and the start of
the Cold War.
Communist leader of the Soviet
Union from 1958-1964.
Leader of the Soviet Union from
1985-1990. The Soviet Union began
to break up during his time as
leader.
Kim Jong Il
Wrote The Communist Manifesto
where he described his plan for
Communism.
Communist leader of North Korea
Ho Chi Minh
Communist leader of North Vietnam
Fidel Castro
Communist leader of Cuba
Nikita Khrushchev
Mikhail
Gorbachev