Download Lions, Tigers, and Bears…

Lions, Tigers, and Bears…
Diff. Biology
April 15, 2005
Kingdom Animalia
• There are 9 phyla that we will look at.
– Porifera (sponges)
– Cnidarians (jellyfishes)
– Platyhelminthes (flatworms i.e.tapeworms,
planarians)
– Nematoda (roundworms i.e. pinworms, hook
worms).
– Mollusca (mollusks i.e. clams, snails, squid)
Phyla Continued
– Annelida (annelids i.e. earthworms)
– Arthropoda (arthropods i.e. spiders,
millipedes)
– Echinodermata (echinoderms i.e. starfish,
sand dollars, sea urchins)
– Chordata (chordates)
• Invertebrates – lancelets and tunicates
• Vertebrates – fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and
mammals.
Just the Facts…
• Eukaryotic, Multicellular
• Well developed tissues
• Usually motile
• Heterotrophic by ingestion
• Sexual reproduction
• Diplontic life cycle
• Respond to stimuli
How are they classified?
• Type of level of organization; ecto, meso, and
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endoderm germ layers
Symmetry; Radial/Bilateral
Body plan; sac plan/tube-within-a-tube plan
Type of coelom -
– Acoelomates (mesodermal lining absent)
– Psuedocoelomate (incomplete lining of mesoderm)
– True coelomates (complete lining of mesoderm in
the internal body cavity) *see page 626
• Presence of segmentation
Proto vs. Deutero
• Protostome: during embryonic
development the first opening is the
mouth.
• Dueterostome: during embryonic
development the first opening is the anus
and the mouth is second.
Invertebrates
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Sponges are asymmetrical
Cnidarians have radial symmetry
All other phyla have bilateral symmetry.
Annelids show segmentation, both internally
and externally.
Arthropods display an exoskeleton. Within
this phyla nervous systems are beginning to
become more complex, along with circulation
and respiration.
Invertebrates Con’t
• Echinoderms
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deuterostomes
enterocoelomates
internal skeleton
internal organs
radial symmetry
water vascular system
Vertebrates - Chordates
• An animal must have the four given traits
listed below
– A dorsal supporting rod called a notochord.
– A dorsal hollow nerve cord
– Pharyngeal pouches (these are seen during
development and may become gills, auditory
tubes, tonsils, thymus)
– Tail
Vertebrates
• Two invertebrate chordates
– Lancelets and Tunicates, this is because the
notochord is never replaced with a vertebral
column.
Vertebrates
• Vertebrates are distinguished by these
traits in particular:
– Living endoskeleton
– Closed circulatory system
– Paired appendages
– Efficient respiration and excretion
– High degree of cephalization
The Top Five
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Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Here fishy, fishy…
• Three classes of fish
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– Jawless (hagfish and lampreys)
– Cartilaginous (sharks and rays)
– Bony (trout, bass, most abundant)
Bony skeleton and scales
Swim bladder
Paired fins
Jaws
Gills
Ribbit, Ribbit….
• Amphibians (Amphibia) frogs, toads, newts, and
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salamanders
Usually tetrapods
Metamorphosis involved with development
Three-chambered heart
Usually lungs in adults
Smooth, moist skin
Reproduction occurs in water, but the animals
can live on land.
Reptilesssss.
• Reptiles (Reptilia) Snakes, lizards, turtles,
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alligators
Usually tetrapods
Lungs with expandable rib cage
Shelled egg
Dry, scaly skin
Cold blooded (ectothermic)
Internal fertilzation
Pretty Bird…
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Birds (Aves) chickens, penguins, eagle
Usually wings for flying
Hard-shelled egg
Four-chambered heart
Feathers
Air sacs
Endothermic
Well developed brain (instinctive behavior i.e.
migration)
Mammals
• Mammals (Mammalia)
• There are three types of mammals
– Monotremes: which lay shelled eggs (i.e.
duckbilled platypus)
– Marsupials: young are born immature and
develop in the mother’s pouch (i.e. koala,
kangaroo)
– Placental Mammals: young develop
internally
Mammals
• Body hair
• Differentiated teeth
• Infant dependency
• Constant internal temperature
• Mammary glands
• Well-developed brain
• Internal development
Mammals
All of these different traits are made to
help the animal be more successful on
land. Mammals are essentially considered
terrestrial organisms, meaning they live on
land, but this doesn’t mean they never live
in water, a whale for example.
Heads up for next week!
Next week you all will be creating your
own organism. So over the weekend look
over the various traits of the animals and
become familiar with them so you can
answer questions about it when you
present them.