Download 6 – electrical parameters

6 – ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS
For power, low voltage and medium voltage cables,
cross section nominal areas are calculated in taking
into account several parameters as:
• permissible current carrying capacities
• voltage drop
• short circuit values
This catalogue gives only an extract of IEC 60092-352
standard that selected 2 methods for the determination
of current carrying capacities for continuous service.
These methods are derived from experimental data
and from IEC 60287 (Electric cables- Calculation of
current rating).
Method A: calculation with the formula
I=AS
m
–BS
I
6-1 Permissible current carrying
capacities:
A and B
These values are applicable for DC and AC with a
nominal frequency of 50 Hz or 60Hz.
For higher frequency, current ratings shall be calculated
with appropriate method.
First, these values depend on the temperature class of
the cable, and mainly on the maximum service temperature suitable for the insulation compound.
Nowadays, in shipbuilding industry, 90°C rated
cables are mostly installed on board.
Other important parameters are to be taken into
account for the choice of the nominal cross section
areas of conductors:
• ambient temperature
• mutual heating effect due to cables grouping
• short time duty
• solar radiation
where
is the current rating capacity
(in Ampere).
is the nominal cross section
area of conductor (in mm2).
are coefficients, m and n
are exponents according to
cable type and method of
installation.
S
Permissible current carrying capacities are stated by
the rules of the vessel approval authority and in line
with IEC 60092-352 and IEC 61894-4 standards.
n
This method allows for greater choice of use in different
installation configurations (see IEC 60092-352
and/or IEC 60364-5-52).
Method B: calculation with the formula
I=AS
0.625
I
where
is the current rating capacity
(in Ampere).
is the nominal cross section
area of conductor (in mm2).
is a coefficient depending
on the conductor temperature
class, e.g. A = 18 for
MPRX and MPRXCX cables.
S
A
6-1-1 Ambient temperature
For other ambient air temperatures, correction factors have to be applied.
Ambient temperature
35°C
40°C
45°C
50°C
55°C
60°C
65°C
70°C
75°C
80°C
1.10
1.05
1.00
0.94
0.88
0.82
0.74
0.67
0.58
0.47
6-1-2 Cables grouping
When cables are installed in group, due to thermal effect,
a correction factor 0.85 must be applied to reduce the
current carrying capacities.
Current ratings are recommended as being applicable to
both unarmoured and armoured cables laid in free air as
a group of 4 bunched together. These ratings may be
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considered applicable, without correction factors for a
group of maximum 6 cables bunched together on cable
trays, operating simultaneously at their full rated capacity,
without free air circulation around them.
When, it is to be expected that air temperature around
cables could be higher than 45°C (due to heat transfer or
in compartments where heat is produced) the current
rating given in the table shall be reduced.
6-1-3 Short time duty
• cable and conductor electrical parameters: electrical
resistance and inductance.
Correction factor could be also applied to maximise
current ratings when cables are operating during a short
period (less than 1 hour).
In direct current system:
∆U = 2 L R I
In single phased alternative current system:
∆U = 2 L I (R cos ϕ + Z sin ϕ)
This factor depends on the cable time constant and also
on the cable diameter.
In tri-phased alternative current system:
For more details, see IEC 60092-352.
∆U = L I ℘3 (R cos ϕ + Z Sin ϕ)
6-1-4 U.V. solar radiation
where
∆U
We recommend shielding cables from direct solar
exposition, but in case of solar radiation, a correction
factors must be applied to the current carrying capacities
given in the table:
• 0.8 for black colour of outer sheath
• 0.9 for light colour of outer sheath (e.g. light grey).
voltage drop (in Volts).
electrical conductor resistance
in operating temperature
(in Ohm/km).
cable length (in km).
current rating value
(in Ampere).
power factor, if no details,
power factor is cos
= 0.8
= 0.6.
and sin
reactance (in Ohm/km).
R
L
I
6-2 Voltage drop:
Cos
Current carrying in an electrical link induces a voltage
drop. This value is the difference between the measured
voltages at both ends of the link.
ϕ
ϕ
Z
In general, accepted values (in percentage) are 3% for
lighting and 5% for motors or other uses.
ϕ
For a quick calculation, the following table gives the
voltage drop for most of low voltage cables with XLPE
Voltage drop depends on:
(90°C temperature class) and for various values of cos
• type of current: direct current (DC) or alternative current
(AC) in single or tri-phased systems
ϕ.
Values are for a tri-phased system (3 or 4 conductor
cable, or 3 single core cables).
• length of the link : directly proportional
• carrying current (amperage) and power factor (cos phi)
Voltage drop
(V/ A x km)
Cross-section area (mm2)
Copyright © April 2009 - Nexans
cos ϕ = 1
cos ϕ = 0.9
cos ϕ = 0.8
cos ϕ = 0.6
1.5
26.00
24.20
21.50
16.20
2.5
15.50
14.40
12.80
9.60
4
10.00
9.00
8.00
6.10
5
6.60
6.10
5.40
4.20
10
3.90
3.60
3.20
2.50
16
2.50
2.30
2.10
1.50
25
1.60
1.50
1.35
1.10
35
1.15
1.10
1.00
0.85
50
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.65
70
0.57
0.60
0.55
0.50
95
0.42
0.45
0.42
0.40
120
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.34
150
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.31
185
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.24
240
0.18
0.21
0.26
0.23
300
0.14
0.18
0.24
0.21
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6-3 Short circuit values:
Cables and their insulated conductors must withstand
the thermal effect produced by the short circuit which
can flow in the circuit.
These temperatures are depending on the insulation
compound, e.g. for XLPE, initial temperature is 90°C
(maximum operating conductor temperature) and final
max temperature is 250°C.
As the duration is low, normally less than 5 seconds,
adiabatic heating in insulation compound is only considered.
Short circuit current ratings are also depending on the
duration of the short circuit before the setting off the
electrical protection (circuit breaker or fuse).
The short circuit current rating calculation is based on
the difference of conductor temperature before and at
the end of the short circuit.
The following table gives values for cables insulated
with XLPE, HEPR and HF90 compounds as MPRX®,
MPRXCX®, MPRX® 331 and MPRXCX® 331.
Cross sectional area
(mm2)
Short circuit current ratings (A)
Time duration (s)
0.1s
1.0
I sc
t
A
24
1s
320
202
143
1.5
680
480
304
215
2.5
1 133
800
506
358
4
1 810
1 280
810
572
6
2 720
1 920
1 210
860
10
4 520
3 200
2 020
1 430
16
7 250
5 100
3 240
2 290
25
11 300
7 950
5 050
3 570
35
15 800
11 200
7 070
5 000
50
22 600
16 000
10 100
7 150
70
31 600
22 300
14 100
10 000
95
43 300
30 600
19 300
13 700
120
54 100
38 200
24 200
17 100
150
67 700
47 800
30 200
21 400
185
83 500
59 000
37 300
26 400
240
108 000
76 700
48 500
34 300
300
135 000
96 000
60 600
42 900
short circuit rating is calculated with the formula:
℘t
0.5s
453
For other short circuit duration, the maximum
I sc = A/
0.2s
where
is the short circuit rating
during “t” second.
is the short circuit duration.
is the short circuit rating for
1 second.
The following table gives current carrying capacities in
continuous service for 90°C rated cables for an
ambient air temperature of 45°C.
Nominal
cross-sectional area mm2
2 cores (A)
3 or 4 cores (A)
21
28
38
49
67
91
120
148
184
228
276
319
367
418
492
565
18
24
32
42
57
77
102
126
156
194
235
271
312
355
418
480
15
20
27
34
47
64
84
104
129
160
193
223
257
293
344
396
Copyright © April 2009 - Nexans
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
Current carrying capacity
Single core (A)
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7 – ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS FOR
INSTRUMENTATION CABLES
For instrumentation cables, main electrical parameters
are:
• electrical resistance and loop resistance
• current ratings
• voltage drop
• mutual capacitance
• loop inductance and L/R ratio
• insulation resistance (conductors, screen, armour)
All these values are given in the following table for
Nexans TX® and TCX® range with bare copper conductor.
Number of
pairs
0.5 mm2
0.75 mm2
1.5 mm2
40.4
80.8
26.0
52.0
12.8
25.6
8
4
12
6
14
7
52
39
26
81
82
92
63
53
51 to 49 p
62
52
51 to 48 p
69
56
54 to 52 p
-
100
115
0.63
0.64
0.60
L/R ratio at 20°C
0.0078
0.0123
0.0234
Cores insulation resistance (M Ohm - km)
Screen insulation resistance (M Ohm - km)
Screen/Armour insulation resistance (M Ohm - km)
> 1000
>1
> 0.25
> 1000
>1
> 0.25
> 800
>1
> 0.25
Electrical conductor resistance in DC at 20°C
(Ohm/km)
Loop resistance (Ohm/km)
Current carrying capacity (A)
″4p
>4p
Voltage drop in DC (V/A.km)
Capacitance at 1 kHz
Individual screen (nF/km)
Capacitance at 1 kHz
Collective screen (nF/km)
2p
4p
7 p to 24 p
Capacitance for 331 types with HF 90 compound
Individual screen (nF/km)
Loop Inductance (mH/km) at 1 kHz
Permissible current carrying capacity is given for an
ambient temperature of 45°C and for a maximum
conductor temperature of 90°C.
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An other important parameter for these instrumentation
cables could be the screen efficiency and the transfer
impedance value designated by Zt.
Nexans has studied screening efficiency for TX® and
TCX® range. Curves (transfer impedance related to
frequency) have been established for various 7 pairs.
Transfer impedance Value (Zt) according to the frequency (F)
Zt (mΩ/m)
F (kHz)
• TX®(C):
(Unarmoured, collective screen)
Electromagnetic screening of the TX (C) cable is simple
and shows a medium protection in polluted
electromagnetic surroundings.
• TX®(I):
(Unarmoured, individual screen)
The TCX (C) cable shows a low transfer impedance in
low frequency and an effective screening in high
frequency. TCX (C) would be recommended in polluted
electromagnetic surroundings.
• TCX®(I):
(Armoured, individual screen)
This cable type shows an excellent protection in both
low and high frequency runs.
Copyright © April 2009 - Nexans
TX (I) is an excellent compromise between TX (C) and
TCX (C) cables.
• TCX®(C):
(Armoured, collective screen)
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