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The Giver/Parts of Speech Itinerary • • • • • • • Quiz Review Model Paragraph Homework Description What needs improvement in homework Theme Review Parts of Speech Literature Discussion Quiz • What occupation is Jonas assigned? • Name two of eight things that Jonas can now do. • What is the first memory that is given to him? • What is the first painful memory given to him? Open your book to p. 86 Review • What are the five parts of the model paragraph? Homework • The Giver- Chapters 12-15 • Summary/ Reflection 5 [for freshman it will just be a reflection] (with vocabulary portion and discussion questions). The focus for this week is theme. Make sure you’re your reflection either covers a major theme or a minor theme. • 6 entries into your dialectical journal. • Grammar Assignment (There is a “parts of speech” worksheet in the “documentation/ instructions/ examples part of the website http://coophighschoolwriting1.weebly.com/) Make sure to print out this page and fill in the answers. This must be turned in next week. ***Read pp. 19-27 in The Only Grammar Book That You’ll Ever Need. THEME Theme • Theme is defined as a main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly.” Major v. Minor Theme • “Major and minor theme are two types of themes that appear in literary works. A major theme is an idea that a writer repeats in his work, making it the most significant idea in a literary work. A minor theme, on the other hand, refers to an idea that appears in a work briefly and gives way to another minor theme.” How Are Themes Demonstrated? • “A writer may express a theme through the feelings of his main character about the subject he has chosen to write about.” • “Similarly, themes are presented through thoughts and conversations of different characters.” • “Moreover, the experiences of the main character in the course of a literary work give us an idea about its theme”. • “Finally, the actions and events taking place in a narrative are consequential in determining its theme.” -Information about theme from http://literarydevices.net/theme/ List of Major Themes • • • • • • • • Birth - life after loss, life sustains tragedy Death - death as mystery, death as a new beginning Heroism - false heroism, heroism and conflicting values Escape - escape from family pressures, escaping social constraints Love - love sustains/fades with a challenge Journey - most journeys lead back to home Coming of age boy becomes a man Patriotism - inner conflicts stemming from patriotism Peace and war - war is tragic, • • • • • • • Hope - hope rebounds Hopelessness - finding hope after tragedy Generation gap experience versus youthful strength Home - security of a homestead Betrayal - fading bonds of love Power - Lust for power solation - the isolation of a soul Judgment - balance between justice and judgment • • • • • • • Individualism - choosing between security and individualism Deception - appearance versus reality Race relations - learned racism Suffering - suffering as a natural part of human experience Alienation - creating emotional isolation Loss - loss of innocence, loss of individualism Discovery - conquering unknown, discovering strength • God and spirituality - inner struggle of faith • Good and evil - the coexistence of good and evil on earth • Duty - the ethics of killing for duty • Survival - man against nature • Conformity - industrialization and the conformity of man • List of themes from: http://homeworktips.about.co m/od/englishhomework/a/sam plethemes.htm What needs improvement on the Summary/ Reflections • Make sure that you are distinguishing the difference between summary and reflection. Summary- in a page you tell me that major events that happened in the readings without opinion, and also in sequential order. Reflection (Analysis)- In this section of the assignment you are analyzing the literature (your opinion is involved). We are focusing on specific literary elements. In addition, you must follow the model paragraph. • Cite you quotes. We are following APA formatting (author last name, year of publication, p.#). Example (Alvarez, 2011, p.11). • In relation to this make sure you are using quotes as textual evidence. • Make sure that you are only writing in the third person voice. Do not write in the first or second person (I, we, my, mine, you, yours). Instead of saying “we can see,” you can say “the reader can see.” • Make sure to employ alternate sentence formulas. Some of you are repeating the same sentence formula. • Make sure to edit your assignments. There were quite a few errors, though the most severe were misspellings. • Make sure to include the vocabulary portion and the discussion questions. Reflection Checklist 1) Does my reflection have all five elements of the model paragraph? 2) Did I use at least one quote and properly cite it in APA formatting? 3) Does my reflection focus on analysis rather than summary (make sure to use the notes you took in class)? 4) Am I following the prompt for this week? 5) Did I include the correct amount of vocabulary words? Did I first define them? Did I actually use them correctly in my “reflection”? Did I bold them in my reflection to distinguish them as my vocabulary words? 6) Did I include the two discussion questions at the end of my reflection? 7) Is there a title? (Only a requirement for Freshman students) 8) Do I have my name, reflection #, date, and title in the appropriate location. 9) Is this draft double-spaced, in 12pt Times New Roman font, 1 inch margins, and at least 250 words? 10)Is my writing fluency strong? Are there grammar errors? 11)HAVE I REVISED THIS AT LEAST ONCE? HAVE I EDITED THIS AT LEAST ONCE? 12)Does my draft look like the model draft in layout? Parts of Speech The Parts of Speech: Introduction • As in any subject, it is important that writers understand the “nuts and bolts” English grammar. The most basic of these are the parts of speech. The 8 Basic Parts of Speech are: • Noun • Pronoun • Adjective • Verb • Adverb • Conjunction • Preposition Focus for this week… • For this week we are only going to be focusing on the different types of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and verbs. Noun Nouns are, “words that are used to name persons, things, animals, places, ideas, or events.” Example: Mozart is considered to be one of the greatest composers of classical music. (A person’s name) Cats are sometimes considered to be reclusive animals. (Names an animal) “Freedom of expression” is the most important liberty. (Names an idea) Types of Nouns (5 Different Types) • Proper- “proper nouns always start with a capital letter and refers to specific names of persons, places, or things.” Examples: Westside Christian Co-op, Jimi Hendrix, The Vatican • Common: “common nouns are the opposite of proper nouns. These are just generic names of persons, things, or places.” Examples: school, musician, city • Concrete: “this kind refers to nouns which you can perceive through your five senses.” Examples: water, dirt, cookie • Abstract: “unlike concrete nouns, abstract nouns are those which you can’t perceive through your five senses.” Examples: freedom, happiness, love, anger • Collective: “refers to a group of persons, animals, or things” Examples: class (group of students), team (group of players), troop (group of soldiers, or in the animal world a group of monkeys) Schoolhouse Rock Nouns: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qk4N5kkifGQ Types of Nouns (Quiz) Janis decided that she had to study more. Proper noun The class went on a fieldtrip. Collective noun The water was cool. Concrete noun Where is the school located? Common noun This country was founded on the ideal of freedom for all. Abstract noun Pronoun • “is a part of a speech which functions as a replacement for a noun. Some examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they, theirs, and ours.” Examples: Marc is an incredible musician. He learned how to improvise over the “Coltrane” changes. They are the most brilliant students. I am quite happy today. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eu1ciVFbecw Adjective • “This part of a speech is used to describe a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can specify the quality, the size, and the number of nouns or pronouns.” The Requiem, by W.A. Mozart, is a beautiful. I ate six slices of pizza. The surface of this rock is rough. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkuuZEey_bs Verb • “Simply put, this is a word that shows an action (physical or mental) or state of being of the subject in a sentence.” Alex jumped high to get the rebound. Verbs that are State of Being Verbs: “am, is, was, are, and were” The park rangers were prepared for any emergencies. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=US8mGU1MzYw Pronoun, Adjective, Verb Quiz She is very excited to be going on vacation. Pronoun He bought two shirts. Adjective She ran the mile in seven minutes. Verb He was prepared for the quiz. State of Being Verb Freytag’s Pyramid/ Literary Archetype: The Hero Freytag’s Pyramid • “Gustav Freytag was a Nineteenth Century German novelist who saw common patterns in the plots of stories and novels and developed a diagram to analyze them. He diagrammed a story's plot using a pyramid like the one shown here:” - http://www.ohio.edu/people/hartleyg/ref/fiction/fre ytag.html • “Exposition: setting the scene. The writer introduces the characters and setting, providing description and background.” • Inciting Incident: something happens to begin the action. A single event usually signals the beginning of the main conflict. The inciting incident is sometimes called 'the complication'.” • Rising Action: the story builds and gets more exciting.” • “Climax: the moment of greatest tension in a story. This is often the most exciting event. It is the event that the rising action builds up to and that the falling action follows.” • “Falling Action: events happen as a result of the climax and we know that the story will soon end.” • “Resolution: the character solves the main problem/conflict or someone solves it for him or her” • “Dénouement: (a French term, pronounced: daynoo-moh) the ending. At this point, any remaining secrets, questions or mysteries which remain after the resolution are solved by the characters or explained by the author. Sometimes the author leaves us to think about the THEME or future possibilities for the characters.” http://www.ohio.edu/people/hartleyg/ref/fictio n/freytag.html The Hero Journey • “The Hero’s Journey is a pattern of narrative identified by the American scholar Joseph Campbell that appears in drama, storytelling, myth, religious ritual, and psychological development. It describes the typical adventure of the archetype known as The Hero, the person who goes out and achieves great deeds on behalf of the group, tribe, or civilization” http://www.thewritersjourney.com/hero%27s_journey.htm The Hero’s Journey The Hero’s Journey • • • • • • • • • • • • The Ordinary World The Call to Adventure Refusal of the Call Meeting with a Mentor Crossing the Threshold Test, Allies, Enemies Approach The Ordeal The Reward The Road Back The Resurrection Return with the Elixir The Hero’s Journey