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Ostroumov S. A. Effect of Amphiphilic
Chemicals on Filter-Feeding Marine
Organisms. - Doklady Biological Sciences,
2001, Vol. 378, p. 248–250.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/59417067
Uploaded by Sergei Ostroumov
Sodium Dodecyl SulfateAquatic EcosystemSurfactantBivalviaEcology
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2001.Effect.of.Amphiphilic.Chemicals.on.Filter-Feeding.Marine.Organisms.–
Doklady.Biol.Sci.v.378p248–250 Ostroumov S. A. Effect of Amphiphilic Chemicals on Fil...
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http://www.scribd.com/doc/59417067/; 2001.Effect.of.Amphiphilic.Chemicals.on.FilterFeeding.Marine.Organisms.–Doklady.Biol.Sci.v.378p248–250 Ostroumov S. A. Effect of
Amphiphilic Chemicals on Filter-Feeding Marine Organisms. - Doklady Biological Sciences,
2001, Vol. 378, p. 248–250 Published: Ostroumov S. A. Effect of Amphiphilic Chemicals on
Filter-Feeding Marine Organisms. - Doklady Biological Sciences, 2001, Vol. 378, p. 248–250.
Translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, Vol. 378, No. 2, 2001, pp. 283–285. Original Russian
Text Copyright © 2001 by Ostroumov. www.springerlink.com/index/V1311N2M04847W56.pdf
ISSN 0012-4966 (Print) 1608-3105 (Online); DOI 10.1023/A:1019270825775 Site:
http://sites.google.com/site/2001dbs378p248effammaroyst/ Microsummary: For the first time,
oysters were used as the test-organisms in bioassay of synthetic surfactants and detergents. The
new data revealed a novel type of hazard to mariculture. New negative effects of surfactants and
chemical mixtures on water filtering activity of Crassostrea gigas were discovered. The abstract,
key words, full text and Addendum (with references of recent relevant publications) are below.
ABSTRACT: Effects of amphiphilic chemicals on filter-feeding marine organisms.
S.A.Ostroumov For the first time, oysters were used as the test-organisms in bioassay of
synthetic surfactants. As surfactants are one of key components of water pollution from
municipal waste waters, from ports and ships, the new data revealed a novel type of hazard to
mariculture of oysters. New negative effects of several amphiphilic chemicals (surfactants) and
chemical mixtures on oysters and other marine bivalves were discovered. An anionic surfactant,
sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS), and a cationic surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide
(TDTMA) inhibited water filtering activity of oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Similar effects were
exhibited by some chemical mixture products (detergents) that included surfactants as
components of the mixtures. Those mixture products inhibited filtering activity by Crassostrea
gigas and Mytilus galloprovincialis. The mixture products tested were: the SD1(L), Lanzaautomat (Benckiser); SD2(I), IXI Bio-Plus (Cussons); LD1 (E), dish washing liquid E (Cussons
International, Ltd.); and LD2 (F), dish washing liquid Fairy (Procter & Gamble, Ltd.). The new
results are in agreement with the author’s previous experiments, where a number of xenobiotics
and/or pollutants inhibited the filtering activity of several species of marine and freshwater
bivalves. The filtering activity contributes to improving water quality. This experimental
approach is helpful in assessment of environmental hazard from man-made chemicals that
contaminate marine ecosystems. KEY WORDS: aquaculture, aqua-farming, mariculture, oysters,
Crassostrea gigas, surfactants, detergents, filtering activity, Mytilus galloprovincialis,
xenobiotics, pollutants, bivalves, assessment, environmental hazards, marine ecosystems,
ecology, environmental toxicology, ecotoxicology, fiter-feeders, suspension feeders, pollution,
water quality, self-purification Effect of Amphiphilic Chemicals on Filter-Feeding Marine
Organisms S. A. Ostroumov Presented by Academician M.E. Vinogradov October 9, 2000;
Received October 17, 2000; Moscow State University, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow, 119991
Russia; It has been previously shown that some amphiphilic chemicals (surfactants) and
surfactant-containing chemical mixtures affect filtering activity of mussels [1, 2]. Taking into
account the ecological importance of this effect [3–6], it was of interest to broaden the view of
this problem and to determine whether organisms important for aquiculture may be affected by
these compounds. Bivalves are the most important cultured marine species. It was shown that the
average annual production of marine bivalves grown in aquaculture significantly exceed that of
marine fish (9.7-fold) and Crustaceans (4-f
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2001.Effect.of.
Amphiphilic.Ch
emicals.on.Filte
rFeeding.Marine
.Organisms.– D
oklady.Biol.Sci.
v.378p248–
250Ostroumov
S. A. Effect of
Amphiphilic
Chemicals on
Filter-Feeding
MarineOrganis
ms. - Doklady
Biological
Sciences, 2001,
Vol. 378, p.
248–250
Published:
Ostroumov S. A.
Effect of
Amphiphilic
Chemicals on
Filter-Feeding
MarineOrganisms.
- Doklady
Biological
Sciences, 2001,
Vol. 378, p. 248–
250
. Translated
fromDoklady
Akademii Nauk,
Vol. 378, No. 2,
2001, pp. 283–
285. Original
Russian Text
Copyright ©2001
by
Ostroumov.www.
springerlink.com/i
ndex/V1311N2M
04847W56.pdf IS
SN 0012-4966
(Print) 1608-3105
(Online); DOI
10.1023/A:10192
70825775Site:
http://sites.google.
com/site/2001dbs
378p248effammar
oyst/Microsumma
ry: For the first
time, oysters were
used as the testorganisms in
bioassay of
syntheticsurfactan
ts and detergents.
The new data
revealed a novel
type of hazard to
mariculture.
Newnegative
effects of
surfactants and
chemical mixtures
on water filtering
activity of
Crassostrea gigas
were
discovered.The
abstract, key
words,
full text
and Addendum
(with references
of recent relevant
publications)are
below.
ABSTRACT:
Effects of
amphiphilic
chemicals on
filter-feeding
marine
organisms.S.A.Ost
roumov
For the first time,
oysters were used
as the testorganisms in
bioassay of
syntheticsurfactan
ts. As surfactants
are one of key
components of
water pollution
from municipal
wastewaters, from
ports and ships,
the new data
revealed a novel
type of hazard to
mariculture
of oysters. New
negative effects of
several
amphiphilic
chemicals
(surfactants) and
chemical
mixtureson
oysters and other
marine bivalves
were discovered.
An anionic
surfactant,
sodiumdodecylsul
phate (SDS), and
a cationic
surfactant,
tetradecyltrimethy
lammonium
bromide(TDTMA
) inhibited water
filtering activity
of oysters (
Crassostrea gigas)
. Similar effects
wereexhibited by
some chemical
mixture products
(detergents) that
included
surfactants as
componentsof the
mixtures. Those
mixture products
inhibited filtering
activity by
Crassostrea gigas
and
Mytilus
galloprovincialis
. The mixture
products tested
were: the SD1(L),
Lanzaautomat(Benckise
r); SD2(I), IXI
Bio-Plus
(Cussons); LD1
(E), dish washing
liquid E
(CussonsInternati
onal, Ltd.); and
LD2 (F), dish
washing liquid
Fairy (Procter &
Gamble, Ltd.).
The newresults
are in agreement
with the author’s
previous
experiments,
where a number
of
xenobioticsand/or
pollutants
inhibited the
filtering activity
of several species
of marine and
freshwater bivalv
es. The filtering
activity
contributes to
improving water
quality. This
experimental
approachis
helpful in
assessment of
environmental
hazard from man-
made chemicals
that
contaminatemarin
e
ecosystems. KEY
WORDS:
mariculture of
oysters
Crassostrea gigas,
surfactants,
detergents,
filteringactivity,
Mytilus
galloprovincialis
, xenobiotics,
pollutants,
bivalves,
assessment of
environmental
hazards, marine
ecosystems
Effect of
Amphiphilic
Chemicals on
Filter-Feeding
Marine
OrganismsS.
A. Ostroumov
Presented by
Academician
M.E. Vinogradov
October 9,
2000;Received
October 17, 2000;
Moscow State
University,
Vorob’evy gory,
Moscow, 119991
Russia;It has been
previously shown
that some
amphiphilic
chemicals
(surfactants) and
surfactantcontaining
chemical mixtures
affect filtering
activity of
mussels [1, 2].
Taking into
account
theecological
importance of this
effect [3–6], it
was of interest to
broaden the view
of this
problemand to
determine
whether
organisms
important for
aquiculture may
be affected by
thesecompounds.
Bivalves are the
most important
cultured marine
species. It was
shown that
theaverage annual
production of
marine bivalves
grown in
aquaculture
significantly
exceed that
of marine fish
(9.7-fold) and
Crustaceans (4fold) grown in
mariculture [7].
Owing to the
importanceof
mariculture, it is
necessary to
determine the
factors that may
disturb
physiological
activity of objects
grown in
mariculture
(including
bivalves) and
deteriorate their
living and
culturingcondition
s.The goal of this
study was to
determine
whether
surfactants and
surfactantcontainingchemic
al mixtures inhibit
the filtering
activity of
bivalves grown in
mariculture,
particularlyoysters
Crassostrea gigas
Thunberg (=
Ostrea laperousi
auct.).The
experiments were
performed
according to the
previously
described
procedure [2]
withsome modifications. The
filtration rate was
determined by the
decrease in optical
density of
theincubation
medium at 550
nm as a result of
removal (due to
filtration) of
Saccharomycesce
revisiae
cells that were
preliminarily
added to the
marine water. The
concentration of
S.cerevisiae
cells (SAFMoment, S.I.
Lesaffre, 59703
Marcq-France)
was 100 mg/l (dry
weight).The
temperature is
indicated in the
tables. The optical
density was
measured using a
SF-26
LOMOspectropho
tometer, the
optical way length
was 10 mm. The
average weight of
the oysters and
thevolume of the
incubation
medium are
indicated in the
notes to the tables.
The oysters were
grownat the
mariculture farm
of the Institute of
South Sea
Biology (National
Academy of
Sciences
of Ukraine) and
the State
Oceanarium of
Ukraine.We
analyzed the
effects of sodium
dodecyl sulfate
(SDS),
tetradecyltrimethy
lammonium brom
ide (TDTMA),
several synthetic
detergents (SDs),
and liquid
detergents (LDs).
In this paper,the
following
denotations are
used: SD1(L),
Lanza-automat
(Benckiser);
SD2(I), IXI BioPlus(Cussons);
LD1 (E), dish
washing liquid E
(Cussons
International,
Ltd.); and LD2
(F), dishwashing
liquid Fairy
(Procter &
Gamble, Ltd.).We
discovered that a
typical cationic
surfactant
containing a
tertiary
ammonium
group,TDTMA,
inhibited the
filtering activity
of
C. gigas
(Table 1). The
yeast suspension
concentrationdiffe
red from the
control more than
twofold and more
than sevenfold 5
and 20 min after
the
addition of
TDTMA,
respectively.
Table 1.
Inhibition of the
C. gigas
filtering activity
and uptake of
unicellular
organisms from
water by
TDTMA (0.5
mg/l)Measuremen
t Incubationtime,
min Optical
density at 550
nm B/A,% variant
A
(withoutTDTMA)
variantB
(withTDTMA) va
riant C (
S.cerevisiae
alone,without
bivalvesand
TDTMA)1235112
00.0800.0430.018
0.1940.1480.1370
.3070.3050.30324
2.5344.2761.1 No
te: Each
experimental
vessel contained
10 one-year-old
bivalves. Total
wet weight of
the bivalves with
shells was 47.3 g
and 55.2 g in
vessels A and B,
respectively.
Incubation
temperaturewas
27
°
C. The volume of
the incubation
medium was 500
ml.
Table 2.
Inhibition of the
C. gigas
filtering activity
and uptake of
unicellular
organisms from
water by SDS
(0.5
mg/l)Measuremen
t Incubationtime,
min Optical
density at 550
nm B/A,% variant
A(without
SDS) variant B
(withSDS) variant
C(
S.cerevisiae
alone,without
bivalvesand
TDTMA)1234412
2029 0.1170.0740
.0480.035 0.1810.
1560.1110.074 0.1
760.1790.1740.16
4 154.70210.8123
1.25
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