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Transcript
The Renaissance A Transformation of Europe Why does the Renaissance begin in Italy? Economic Concepts: Letters of Credit = expand money supply & expedite trade Economic Concepts: New accounting & bookkeeping practices (use of Arabic Numerals) What is the connection between the increased wealth and emergence of the Renaissance in Italy? Florence, Venice & Genoa Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets What event/events (couple centuries before) helped contribute to the advantageous financial position of Florence, Venice, Genoa? How? Florence, Venice & Genoa Served as trade centers for distribution of goods to Northern Europe Florence, Venice & Genoa Were initially independent city-states governed as republics Johann Gutenberg 1440 – he creates movable type Then invents the Printing Press 1455 – Gutenberg Bible = 1st full-sized book printed -Literacy & access to books increased New artistic techniques Erasmus William Shakespeare Christian humanist writer Famous work = The Praise of Folly Christianity of the heart not ceremony English poet & playwright Many famous poems, comedies and tragedies. A Midsummer Night’s Dream Hamlet Northern Renaissance Merging artistic styles Mergence of humanist ideas and Christianity Portrayed religious and secular subjects Realism Depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life; not idealistic Perspective •Showing 3 dimensions •Depth of field The Medici Family Italian Renaissance vernacular Writing in native language as opposed to Latin Michelangelo Leonardo da Vinci – 1452 - 1519 Painted ceiling of Sistine Chapel Sculptor of David “Renaissance Man” Painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, scientist, writer Painted Mona Lisa & Last Supper •Powerful family in Florence Italy •Patrons of the arts •Intent on creating centers of commerce, education, & arts Machiavelli - wrote The Prince Supported absolute power of ruler End justifies means Do good if possible; evil if necessary It better to be feared than loved Humanism Petrarch – 1304 - 1375 “Father of Humanism” Wrote many Italian & Latin sonnets •The focus on human potential and achievements •Humanists sought to understand classical values •Influenced artists to carry on classical traditions The Medici family were patrons of the arts. Their patronage (support) of the arts helped start the Renaissance. Niccolo Machiavelli Author of The Prince How to be an effective ruler: “It is better to be feared than loved” Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel Michelangelo’s sculpture of David Perfected the art of writing sonnets in Latin and Italian. Petrarch – “Father of Humanism” Leonardo da Vinci – “Renaissance Man” da Vinci’s Last Supper da Vinci’s Mona Lisa Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci Gutenberg Printing Press Medieval art = 2 dimensional, no depth of field Renaissance Art – vivid color, 3 dimensions = perspective Renaissance art- showing perspective (depth of field) Raphael’s School of Athens Raphael’s School of Athens 1: Zeno of Citium 2: Epicurus 3: (Federico II of Mantua?) 4: Boethius or Anaximander or Empedocles? 5: Averroes 6: Pythagoras 7: Alcibiades or Alexander the Great? 8: Antisthenes or Xenophon? 9: Hypatia (Francesco Maria della Rovere?) 10: Aeschines or Xenophon? 11: Parmenides? 12: Socrates 13: Heraclitus (Michelangelo) 14: Plato (Leonardo da Vinci) 15: Aristotle 16: Diogenes 17: Plotinus (Donatello?) 18: Euclid or Archimedes with students (Bramante)? 19: Zoroaster 20: Ptolemy? R: Apelles (Raphael) 21: Protogenes (Il Sodoma, Perugino, or Timoteo Viti)[12] Focal point of Raphael’s School of Athens Plato and Aristotle