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Transcript
Name:_________________________ Date:___________ Hour:_________ Ch. 11: History of Ancient Egypt Ch. 11 Sec. 1: Geography and Early Egypt 1. The ______________ _______________ is the longest river in the world. 2. Ancient Egypt included two regions. The southern region was called _______________ _______________ and the northern region was called _______________ _______________. 3. The Nile River created a 13 mile wide ______________ ______________ _______________. 4. Egypt’s rocky, hilly land created ____________________, or rapids on in the Nile River. 5. In Lower Egypt, the Nile River divided into several branches which formed a _______________, a triangle-shaped area of land made from soil deposited by a river. 6. Little rain fell in the region, giving Egypt a __________________ climate. 7. _______________ _______________ first moved into the Nile River Valley more than _______________ years ago. 8. By 4500 BC, farmers grew _______________ and _______________. 9. Egypt’s location meant that it had _______________ _______________, making it difficult to invade. 10. Menes _______________ Upper and Lower Egypt, making them one kingdom. 11. _______________ is the term used by rulers of ancient Egypt, meaning _______________ _______________. 12. A _______________ is a series of rulers from the same family. 1 Ch. 5 Sec. 2: The Old Kingdom 1. What did ancient Egyptians believe about the gods? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. What were some of the responsibilities of the pharaoh? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. Think!: With the role of the pharaoh, what kind of government do you think ancient Egypt had? Why?____________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4. Describe the social classes of Egyptian society:_____________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5. Explain ancient Egyptian beliefs about the afterlife:__________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 6. How did ancient Egyptians prepare bodies for burial?_________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 7. What are pyramids?___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 8. Why did Egyptians put so much effort into building pyramids? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2 Ancient Egypt Map Activity Directions: Use the Interactive Map Maker from mrswaitesocialstudies.weebly.com to label the following. Use pages 279 and 293 in your textbook and the Resources Link to help you. Under the Region tab, select Africa Under the Country tab, select Egypt Under Basic Map Elements, remove Map Title and Grid Lines Under Borders and Names, remove Capital Symbol, Province Boundaries and Country Borders Under Other Features, remove Points of Interest, River Names and Water Body Names Label Color Fertile Areas Light Green (page 279) The Nile River - Blue Nile Delta - Blue Lake Moeris - Blue Sinai Peninsula Western Desert Eastern Desert Red Sea Mediterranean Sea Memphis Nubia Arabia Use the 3 Pine Trees Marker to Show Timber Use the Single Oak Tree to show Oasis Use Fire to show Copper Use the Yellow Building to show Gold Optional: Draw in the trade routes in Red You Pick the Symbol: The Great Pyramid of Giza Valley of Kings The Pharos (Lighthouse) at Alexandria o Use the World Book Tab and search Alexandria Egypt. 3 The Writing of Ancient Egypt: Hieroglyphics Hieroglyphs are part of a system of picture writing called hieroglyphics. When picture writing first began, the pictures represented the actual object they depicted. These were called pictograms. For example, a picture of a sun within a family scene signified that the sun was part of that scene. Later, pictures came to represent ideas, so that if you saw a sun in a scene, it might symbolize not only the sun, but also daytime, warmth, or light. These were known as ideograms. Draw a Pictogram of River Draw an Ideogram of Love Finally, the pictures began to represent not only the appearance of an object and related ideas, but also the sound of a spoken word used to it describe it. Sun, then, might also mean son, or be part of the word Sunday. So each picture took on a unique sound that could be used to form thoughts and ideas. If you used everyday objects to do the same thing, you would write the word "hi there" as follows: The simplified code below shows you what each sign sounds like using our alphabet. Actual Egyptian hieroglyphics have no vowels (pictures for them have been added here to help you with your translation). Also, unlike these simple hieroglyphs, each hieroglyph found in pyramids and tombs often symbolized more than one consonant. Not only that, but actual Egyptian hieroglyphs were a combination of sound-signs, pictograms, and ideograms. No wonder it was so hard to decode them! Can you use the code below to figure out what they mean? (Note that some pictures represent more than one letter. You need to pick the one that works best.) 4 Now try to decipher these hieroglyphs: _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Can you use the code below to figure out what they mean? (Note that some pictures represent more than one letter. You need to pick the one that works best.) If you had trouble, you’re not alone. That's the same problem researchers had when they first found the hieroglyphs. No one could agree on what each picture meant. But then someone unearthed a stone table, the Rosetta Stone (on the following page). 5 Mrs. Waite’s picture behind protective glass. Aug. 2011 Better Picture from Online The Rosetta Stone contained the same passage in three different languages—hieroglyphic, demotic Egyptian, and Greek. In 1799, a Frenchman named Jean Francois Champollion, who knew Greek, was able to match the Greek translation to the other two languages, and thus crack the code. Can you figure out which type of writing is which? Sample for the Rosetta Stone: Type of Writing: 6 Directions: With your table partner or trio, read pages 298 and 299. Then answer the following questions. Use the graphic organizer below to help you define hieroglyphics. Book Definition: Your Definition: Picture: (Your First Initial) How is hieroglyphic writing different from our writing today? Be specific. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ In your own words, why was the Rosetta Stone important? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 7 Come Explore Ancient Egypt! Creating a Travel Brochure of Ancient Egypt Directions: For this assignment, you will be creating a travel brochure of the monuments/buildings of ancient Egypt. For this project, we will assume that all the monuments/buildings are in their original condition and are available for the public to see. Content: Your travel brochure must be tri-fold. The front page must be the title page and include a picture. The brochure must contain all seven (7) of the elements listed below. At least 3 monuments/buildings – must have a picture and description of each monument/building. The descriptions must include when it was built, what makes it special, where it is located, what purpose it serves and what Pharaoh had it built. Government practices – a picture showing some element of Egyptian government and a detailed description. Social Hierarchy – an image showing social hierarchy and a brief description. Customs and Dress- Pictures and or depictions of traditional Egyptian customs and dress. Include a caption explaining each. Religion and Gods/Goddesses – brief summary of the religious practices and at least threes (3) gods/goddesses. Each should have a picture/image, and a caption explaining their role and who they are. Assessment: Title page Religion and Gods/Goddesses Tri-fold Brochure Format Color (colored pencil, marker, 3 monuments/buildings Government Practices Social Hierarchy Customs and Dress crayon, or printed in color) Neatness and Good Use of Space Resources: Below are some suggested websites that you can use to research information about the various monuments/buildings. Also use other websites, the textbook, and your notes. Do not use Wikipedia. http://www.ancient-egypt.org/ http://eawc.evansville.edu/egpage.htm http://www.rom.on.ca/programs/activities/egypt/learn/index.php http://www.cumbavac.org/Ancient Egypt.html (This website has links to many other websites!) 8 Monuments/Buildings: This is a list of suggested monuments/buildings that you may choose your three from. The Great Pyramid of Giza The Great Sphinx The Paros (Lighthouse) at Alexandria Djoser’s Step Pyramid Akhenaten’s city at el-Amarna Jubilee Chapel of Senusret I at Karnak The Mortuary Complex of Djedefre Temple of Hatshepsut Temple of Ramesses II at Abu Simbel Senusret’s Nubia Superfortresses The Tomb of Tutankhamun The Pyramid of Khentkaus II The Pyramid of Neferefre The Pyramid of Neferirkare The Pyramid of Niuserre The Pyramid of Sahure The White Pyramid of Amenemhat The Bent Pyramid of Sneferu The Red Pyramid of Sneferu The Pyramid of Sesostris III The Pyramid of Amenemhat III The Pyramid of Qemaw The Pyramid Complex of Khefren The Tomb of Khentkaus I The Pyramid Complex of Mykerinos Valley of the Kings 9 Field Museum of Natural History: King Tutankhamun’s Interactive Tomb Explorer Directions: Visit mrswaitesocialstudies.weebly.com and find the button for the Interactive Tomb Explorer under the Textbook and Resources tab. 1. Where is the Valley of the King’s located in relation to Thebes? _____________________________________________________________ 2. Click continue, read about the Valley of the Kings, then click on the Tomb of Tutankhamun on the map. 3. Who discovered King Tutankhamun’s tomb?________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 4. Who was the tomb originally prepared for?_________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 5. Using the legend, click on the icon for Chamber Descriptions in the Annexe. What is the size of the Annexe?_____________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 6. Click the X in the bottom right corner to close the box about the Annexe. 7. Click on the Chamber Description of the Antechamber. How long did it take Carter’s team to inventory and clear it?__________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 8. View the Chamber Description of the Burial Chamber. What was found in this room that was not in any of the other rooms? 9. Click on the Chamber Description of the Treasury. The dog-like statue of the ancient Egyptian god _______________ was found here. This is the god of _______________. 10. Using the legend again, click on the Carter Photos and Quotes near the bottom left corner of the Burial Chamber, then view this journal entry. What made the coffin so heavy?___________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 11. Using the legend, view the Historic Photos and Artifacts in the Treasury. Explore the descriptions (green circles) and detail photos (blue squares). Chose the item from the Treasury that is the most interesting to you and describe it:_____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 12. View the Carter Photos and Quotes near the center of the Burial Chamber and view his journal. What do you think an effigy is? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 10 13. View the Historic Photos and Artifacts near the center of the Burial Chamber. View the artifacts (blue squares) that King Tutankhamen was buried with. Choose the one that is the most interesting to you and describe it:___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 14. Click on the Carter Photos and Quotes in the bottom right corner of the Burial Chamber. How many containers was King Tutankhamen’s body placed in? What is the significance of this number?_____________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 15. Do you think that King Tutankhamen’s tomb was appropriate for him? Why or why not?_______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Flocabulary: Walk Like an Egyptian _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 11 Timeline: On a separate sheet of paper, create a timeline. Include the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom, when Egyptians started building pyramids and when Ramses ruled. Directions: Use the graphic organizer below for information on the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom. Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom Accomplishments: Accomplishments: Accomplishments: Why it ended: Why it ended: Why it ended: Important people (23): Important people (23): Important people (23): 12