Download Bacteria and Archaea

Bacteria and Archaea
Katy Perry and Olivia Neidert
• How did the living world begin to diversify?
– Three domains
• What are some keys to the success of prokaryotes?
– Characteristics
• How do prokaryotes reproduce?
– Lateral gene transfer
• What are the major known group of prokaryotes?
– Group distinctions
• How do prokaryotes affect their environment?
– Good and bad bacteria
What are they?
Bacteria
Bacteria are unicellular
microorganisms that have cell
walls but lack organelles and
an organized nucleus.
Archaea
Archaea are single-celled
microorganisms that live in
extreme environments and
have no cell nucleus or any
other organelles in their cell.
http://rickmallery.wordpress.com/2013/03/06/morni
ng-glory-pool/
Eukaryotes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtLE0Ok9FKA&safe=active
Cocci
Bacilli
They all have DNA,
machinery for
transcription and
translation, can
produce proteins.
Helices
Bacteria Biofilms
Gram Positive vs Gram Negative
All bacteria have peptidoglycan. Which is a cell wall.
Bacteria Metabolism
How Organisms Obtain Their Energy and Carbon
Nutritional Category Energy Source
Carbon Source
Photoautotrophes
Photoheterotrophs
Chemolithotrophs
Chemoheterotrophs
Carbon dioxide
Organic compounds
Carbon dioxide
Organic compounds
Light
Light
Inorganic substance
Organic compounds
Lateral Gene Transfer
It is a mechanism for moving genes between
bacteria.
Group Distinctions
Proteobacteria
http://tolweb.org/Prote
obacteria/2302
Cyanobacteria
http://flickrhivemind.net/Ta
gs/cyanobacteria,cyanobakt
erien/Interesting
Spirochete
Chlamydia
http://letslivehealthya
gain.com/2014/04/30
/lyme-diseasesexually-transmitted/
http://en.wikipedi
a.org/wiki/Chlamy
dia_infection
vocab
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high-GC Gram-positives (Actinobacteria) Gram-positive bacteria with a relatively high (G+C)/(A+T) ratio of
their DNA, with a filamentous growth habit.
biofilm A community of microorganisms embedded in a polysaccharide matrix, forming a highly resistant
coating on almost any moist surface.
bioluminescence The production of light by biochemical processes in an organism.
chemoheterotroph An organism that must obtain both carbon and energy from organic substances.
(Contrast with chemolithotroph, photoautotroph, photoheterotroph.)
chemolithotroph [Gk. lithos: stone, rock] An organism that uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source and
obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic substances from its environment; also called chemoautotroph.
(Contrast with chemoheterotroph, photoautotroph, photoheterotroph.)
endospore [Gk. endo: within + spora: to sow] In some bacteria, a resting structure that can survive harsh
environmental conditions.
flagellum (fla jell′ um) (plural: flagella) [L. flagellum: whip] Long, whiplike appendage that propels cells.
Prokaryotic flagella differ sharply from those found in eukaryotes
.Gram stain A differential purple stain useful in characterizing bacteria. The peptidoglycan-rich cell walls of
Gram-positive bacteria stain purple; cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria generally stain orange.
peptidoglycan The cell wall material of many bacteria, consisting of a single enormous molecule that
surrounds the entire cell.
photoautotroph An organism that obtains energy from light and carbon from carbon dioxide. (Contrast
with chemolithotroph, chemoheterotroph, photoheterotroph.)
photoheterotroph An organism that obtains energy from light but must obtain its carbon from organic
compounds. (Contrast with chemolithotroph, chemoheterotroph, photoautotroph.)
References
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http://www.yourdictionary.com/archaebacteria
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanogen
http://myrome.org/portal/e-coli-bacteria-type
http://phys.org/news/2013-08-high-angle-helix-bacteria.html
Sadava, Hillis, Heller, Berenbaum. 2011. Life The Science of
Biology