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Download 6-2.4 notes Plants - Thomas C. Cario Middle School
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Flowering plants have special structures that function for 1. defense 2. survival 3. reproduction. DEFENSE Plants have structures for defense that protect them from threats. Without these defenses the plants would die. Examples of natural defenses that plants have developed over time are thorns or poisons. 1. Thorns are sharp outgrowths from the stems of plants that function in defending the plant from being eaten by some animals. 2. Poisons: Plants have important chemical substances specifically designed to discourage animals from eating them. Some of these substances simply discourage a plant’s predator by making the plant foul-tasting. Others can sicken or even kill the predator. In some cases the substances keep away predators only until the plant has matured. Then the poison level decreases so that the fruit can be eaten, and the seeds dispersed. 769881759 SURVIVAL Plants have structures for survival. Parts of the flowering plant that function for survival include: Leaves Function as the site of food production for plants. Photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration take place here. Stems Support the plant. Hold the leaves up to the light. Transport water from the roots to the leaves and other plant parts Transport food made in the leaves to growing parts of the plant. Function as food storage sites. Roots Help anchor the plant in the ground. Absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Store extra food for the plants. The more root space that is available, the more water and nutrients it can absorb. There are two types of root systems: fibrous roots and taproots. 1. Fibrous roots consist of several main roots that branch off to form a mass of roots. Examples are grass, corn, and some trees. 2. Taproots consist of one large, main root with smaller roots branching off. Examples are carrots, dandelions, or cacti. 769881759 REPRODUCTION Parts of the flowering plant that function in reproduction include: Flowers Produce seeds. Many contain both male and female parts needed to produce new flowers. Flower petals are often colorful or have a scent so as to attract insects and other animals. Stamem The male part of a flower that has an anther on a stalk (filament). The anther produces the pollen. Pistil The female part of the flower that holds the flower’s: ovary – contains the ovules or egg cells, stigma – the sticky top where pollen grains land, and style – a stalk down which the pollen tube grows after pollination has taken place. Seeds Fertilized ovules from which new plants are formed. A fruit that is formed from the ovary often protects them. 769881759