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Greece
Chapter 6 Section 2
Religion, Philosophy,
and the Arts
Tribute: a regular payment made to a powerful
state of nation by a weaker one.
Ancient Athens collected tributes from weaker or defeated cities.
Oracle: in ancient Greece, a sacred site
where a god or goddess was consulted;
any priest or priestess who spoke for
the gods.
Philosopher:
someone who uses
reason to understand the world; in
Greece, the earliest philosophers
used reason to explain natural
events
Tragedy: a type of serious
drama that usually
ends in disaster for the main
character.
The Golden Age of Athens
*Lasted from 479 – 431 B.C.E
*Arts and Philosophy flourished
*Democracy in Athens became a model
for future civilizations
https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=AR84c-kr0f4
During the Golden Age, Athens grew rich from trade
and silver mined by slaves.
*Athens collected tribute, or a regular payment
made to a powerful state or nation by a weaker
one.
*The people who conquered by Athens were
forced to pay tribute and Athens became rich.
http://www.bing.com/images/search/?q=Athenian+Tribute+Lists&id=BDD3CDFC17CBAB94911C0285B94
69114355AA664&FORM=BRQONH
http://tse3.mm.bing.net/th?id=OIP.Mee58290fe703cf1db44b56308fcc4985H0&w=137&h=178&c=7&rs=1&qlt=90&o=4&pid=1.
1
Pericles
*Was the most powerful man in Athens politics
*He was well-educated and intelligent
*He acted in the best interests of his city and was a
powerful speaker
*He came from a wealthy family
*Supported Democracy
*He introduced reforms and strengthened
Democracy
*One of Pericles’ reforms was to pay a salary to city
officials
*This meant poor citizens could afford to hold public
office
Religious beliefs in Ancient Greece
*Greeks were polytheistic.
*Greeks worshipped Gods and Goddesses called
the 12 Olympians.
*Each ruled different areas of human life in the
natural world.
In order to honor Zeus, the city-states came
together every 4 years for an Olympic festival
and games .
The modern Olympic Games are based on this
tradition.
The Oracles
The ancient Greeks wanted the gods to show
them how to behave and how to live. The
Greeks visited oracles, or sites where a god or
goddess was consulted
http://www.bing.com/images/search/?q=Oracle+at+Delphi&id=8A7AE662A3E606D34E3C27EAB6C1A14F0BD9E46F&
FORM=BRQONH
Greek Oracle at Delphi
Philosophers believed that people could use
the powers of the mind and reason to
understand natural events.
One of the first
philosophers, Thales,
believed that water was the
basic material of the world.
He thought everything was
made from it.
Democritus, who lived in the 400s B.C.E, thought
everything was made of tiny particles called atoms.
Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
had a lasting effect of modern learning
and thinking.
http://www.mrdowling.com/701-socrates.html
*Socrates discussed wisdom and goodness with
the people of Athens.
*He asked questions that challenged people’s
beliefs which frightened and angered
some Athenians.
•In 399 B.C.E. Socrates was brought to
• trial for “dishonoring the gods and
misleading young people.”
*He was sentenced to death by
forced suicide; drinking
poisonous Hemlock
Poison Hemlock plant
*The death of Socrates made Plato mistrust democracy.
*Plato wrote The Republic which states that society should
be made up of three groups: workers,
soldiers, and philosophers/rulers
*Plato founded the Academy which is a school in Athens
where Plato taught Aristotle.
http://www.mr
dowling.com/7
01-plato.html
*Aristotle believed that reason should guide
the hunt for knowledge.
*He was the founder of his own school
called the Lyceum.
http://www.mrdowling.com/701-aristotle.html
*Destroyed in 480 B.C.E during the many wars
*Pericles decided to rebuilt the Acropolis and the Parthenon
was their most magnificent piece of architecture.
Athena Statue in Parthenon
*The Parthenon is the temple to Athena, the
patron goddess of Athens and built in 438 B.C.E
Athenians were the first people to write dramas, or stories
written by actors performing the stories.
* A tragedy is a type of serious drama that usually ends in
disaster for the main character.
* Between scenes, a chorus chanted or sang songs
* The chorus was used to give background information
* Chorus also used to comment on events or praise gods
*Aeschylus and Sophocles were
important authors of tragedies.
Plato, Aristotle, and Socrotes
https://app.discoveryeducation.com/learn/videos/5ec4c1da28eb-44f4-8f87-3c404be22245
http://www.mrdowling.com/701greece.html