Download Road to WW 2 and the Homefront

From Versailles to Pearl
Harbor: The Road to War and
the US Response
The Great American debate over
Interventionism or Isolation-1936-40

1.Interventionism
argumentbelieved the US
should support the
Allies against Hitler
in any way except
actually entering
the war.
The Great American debate over
Interventionism or Isolation-1936-40

2.
Isolationism/neut
rality argumentbelieved the US
should completely
stay out of the war
TRADITIONAL U.S. FOREIGN POLICY
WAS TO AVOID FOREIGN
ENTANGLEMENTS
“It is our true policy to
steer clear of permanent
alliances with any
portion of the foreign
world”
PRESIDENT
WASHINGTON, 1796
Event 1: Germany faces
economic collapse






Germany severely
punished for WWI in
Versailles Treaty
land in Europe and colonies
in Africa taken away
War Guilt Clause
No air force or navy allowed
Only allowed 100,000
troops
Had to pay $32 Billion to
the countries it fought in
WW I
Event 1: Germany faces economic
collapse
 Germans
like
Adolf Hitler
began to blame
others for the
economic
problems- Jews
US Response
 US
leaders favored isolationism
again in 1920s-1930’s
 US insisted Germany repay war
debts to the European nations
 Dawes Plan: USA loaned money
to Germany to pay back war
reparations
 Germany went deeper into debt
and never repaid
COVER PAGE OF GERMAN EDITIONS OF MEIN KAMPF
WRITTEN IN 1924 WHILE HITLER WAS IMPRISONED FOR
STAGING A REVOLT
Event 2: The Rise of Adolph
Hitler





MEIN KAMPF: book by Hitler
blaming Jews and communists for all
of Germany's problems.
plans for world conquest.
Formed the Nazi Party to promote his
views
wanted to create a “master race” of
Aryans: white western and
northern Europeans with blue or
green eyes and blonde hair.
Hitler did not have blonde hair or
blue eyes.
Hitler as a baby and young boy
Hitler at the height of his power 1938
Hitler
EXAMPLES OF NAZI ANTISEMITISM
FINAL SOLUTION TO THE
JEWISH PROBLEM
•Hitler believed that US society
was weak by nature
•Hitler believed American
military was polluted by too
many blacks and Jews
•Break to video
Which German city hosted the
1936 Olympics?

Berlin
How many gold medals did
African American Jesse Owens
win during the 1936 Olympics

4 gold medals
US Response to the Rise of Hitler
 FDR,
like Hitler, elected in
the same year (1932)
 FDR focused more on
solving the America’s
economic depression-who
cares about Germany!?
 Military spending not a
priority- USA military 15th
largest in the world in 1935
FDR (Franklin Delano
Roosevelt)
What did FDR use to help
Americans face the conditions
of Great Depression
together?______________

Fireside chats, newsreels, photos
What 2 things did Hitler use in
Germany to get out his
message?
1.
2.
Radios/messages played over loud
speakers
Propaganda Films
What was the title of Hitler’s
book

Mein Kampf
Event 3: The Rise of Fascism in
Italy




Benito Mussolini “Il
Duce” (The Leader)
Totalitarian dictator
of Italy
Led the Fascists -the
nation and the Italian
race more important
than the individual
October 1935- Italy
invaded Ethiopia
Mussolini and Hitler-allies-Hitler
admired Mussolini
US Response
 The
Neutrality Acts: 193537, US Congress passed a
series of isolationist lawsforbid the sale of arms to
militarily aggressive
nations, like Italy and
Ethiopia
Event 4: The Rise of Militarism in
Japan





Japan had a desire expand- to acquire raw
materials,
Japanese militarists: Emperor is a god
wanted Japan to remove the US and all
European colonial powers from the Pacific
realm and rule Asia themselves
Militarists: a strong military (army, navy, air
force) should be the most important goal for
Japan (Nipon)
foreign conquest- a badge of honor for military
leaders
Event 4: The Rise of Japanese
Militarism



1905-took over
Manchuria, China and
all of Korea
1930s Chinese cities of
Shanghai and Beijing
attacked and people
massacred
1937- Japan invaded
china- the “Rape of
Nanking” (400,000
murdered; 20,000
women raped)
Hirohito was the last Japanese
emperor to uphold the idea that
Japan’s imperial rulers were gods
A Japanese Soldier prepares to
behead a man in Nanking, China
(left)’ soldier holds a severed
head (right)
THE JAPANESE USED BOMBING TO TERRORIZE CHINA’s
CIVILIAN POPULATION. THEY WERE NEVER SUCCESSFUL IN
CONQUERING THE WHOLE COUNTRY
CHINESE BABY BURNED AFTER JAPANESE
BOMBERS STRIKE SHANGHAI IN 1937
Chinese Rape Victims of the
Japanese
US Response to the Rise of Japanese Militarism
FDR protested the invasions
 sent $25 million to Chiang Kai
Shek to fight Japs
 A US volunteer flying squadron
arrived of “Flying Tigers” and
fought the Japs
 Cancelled 1911 Peace Treaty w/
Japan
 Still no official military
interventionisolationism/neutral

Event 5: Hitler annexed The
Rhineland, the Sudetenland and
Austria to become a part of Germany
(1936-39)
EUROPEAN LEADERS AT THE MUNICH CONFERENCE THAT GAVE THE
SUDETENLAND TO HITLER. A PRIME EXAMPLE OF APPEASEMENT. NO
REPRESENTATIVE FROM CZECHOSLOVAKIA WAS INVITED TO ATTEND.
NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN
SPEECH BY HITLER
EDOUARD DALADIER
The Nazis then Overran all of
Czechoslovakia
US Response
FDR:
“the US
government has no
political involvements
in Europe”
US continued to stay
neutral- stayed out of
the negotiations
Event 6: The Invasion of
Poland/Nazi-Soviet Pact
 Next,
Hitler wanted parts of
Poland
 Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939Hitler and Soviet leader
Josef Stalin agreed to
divide up Poland and not
attack each other
Hitler and Stalin-Many
Wondered How Long the
Honeymoon would last-it didn’t
US RESPONSE
US
tried to get
President Moscicki of
Poland and Hitler to
negotiate, work out a
peaceful settlement
US Neutrality
continued
Event 7: World War 2 Begins
 September
1, 1939:
Germany and the USSR
invaded Poland
 Luftwaffe- German airforce
 Blitzkrieg- lightening
warfare, intensive attack
involving land and airforces
TOOLS OF THE
BLITZKRIEG
Event 8: World War 2 Begins
 Polish
armies
defeated in less
than 3 weeks
 Britain and
France declared
war on Germany
HITLER Next CONQUERed DENMARK, NORWAY, NETHERLANDS,
BELGIUM, AND LUXEMBOURG-HITLER SURPRISED THE ALLIES BY HAVING
HIS MAIN INVASION THROUGH LUXEMBOURG AND THE ARGONNE FOREST,
AFTER FEINTING AN ATTACK THROUGH BELGIUM WHICH DREW THE ALLIED
FORCES NORTH.
HITLER’S INVASION OF
NORTHWESTERN EUROPE
ONE
THREE
TWO
FRENCH AND BRITISH TROOPS TRAPPED AT
DUNKIRK THE ALLIES WERE TRAPPED AND HAD
TO EVACUATE THROUGH THE PORT OF DUNKIRK.
“Wars are not won by evacuations”-Winston Churchill
AFTER THE GERMANS LEFT DUNKIRK, THEY
TURNED SOUTH AND DEFEATED THE
REMAINING FRENCH ARMIES
JUNE 22, 1940,
FRANCE
SURRENDERED
TO GERMANY.
GERMANY WAS
MASTER OF ALL
EUROPEAN
CONTINENT, ITS
FACTORIES AND
RESOURCES,
WITH EXCEPTION
OF THE USSR.
Only England
remained Free.
GERMAN TROOPS ENTER PARIS
FRENCH WEEP AS THE GERMANS MARCH INTO
PARIS
HITLER
VISITS
PARIS FOR
THE FIRST
AND LAST
TIME
AUGUST 1940: WHICH NATION WILL BE HITLER’S NEXT TARGET FOR
CONQUEST?
US Response to Start of WW 2 in
Europe
US Pledged Support for France and
Britain-money and weapons
 Put a trade Embargo on Soviet Union
 Got rid of the Neutrality Acts
 80% of Americans opposed entry to
the war, but most said it was
important do what we can to defeat
Hitler than stay out of the war

GREAT BRITAIN GETS A NEW PRIME
MINISTER: WINSTON CHURCHILL
“We shall never, ever surrender”
Event 9: The Battle of Britain




Britain bombarded by
the Luftwaffe
Winston Churchill: “I
have nothing to offer
but blood, toil, tears and
sweat”
The Blitz: (1940-1941)
76 straight nights of
German bombing raids
on British cities
Hitler’s Goal: cripple
Britain to its knees by
bombing and then
invade by land
AIR RAID WARDEN WATCHED
FOR GERMAN BOMBERS ATOP
LONDON BUILDING
 Britain
still
survived
 The Blitz failed
 Churchill still felt
there was a
chance to beat
Hitler if only
America would
enter the war
LONDON DOCKS BURN AFTER
GERMAN RAID
LONDONERS SLEEP UNDERGROUND IN
SUBWAY STATIONS TO AVOID THE BOMBS
CHILDREN IN FRONT OF THEIR DESTROYED
HOME. WHERE ARE THEIR PARENTS?
US Response
* Lend-Lease Act
(“The Declaration
Interdependence)literally gave military
aid to Britain for free“garden hose
analogy” -$50
billion in aid sent to
Britain
 Germans attacked
American destroyers
taking supplies to
Britain
THE UNITED STATES BECOMES INVOLVED BY SUPPLING
WAR MATERIALS FOR THE ALLIES
Break for “Over the
Edge” video
segment
The Homefront
America in WW 2
AP US History
Break for the Homefront video
1. What event occurred on
December 7, 1941?

Pearl Harbor was attacked by the
Japanese
Event 9: The Bombing of Pearl
Harbor



Japan continued to
expand in the Pacific
Region, threatening
our supplies of raw
materials
Rome-Tokyo-Berlin
Axis formed in 1940
General Tojo- 1941
became prime minister
of Japan- wanted to
expand Japan’s empire
even more
JAPAN CONQUESTS: JAPAN BEGAN TAKING OVER PARTS OF ASIA
AFTER WWII STARTED AND THE USA TRIED TO GET THEM TO STOP.
Event 10: The Bombing of Pearl
Harbor
 FDR
ended all trade with
Japan, froze Japanese
assets in the US
 December 7, 1941:
Japanese attacked Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii- goal was
to destroy the US Navy
Pacific fleet
 2,300 Americans killed, 8
battleships, 188 planes and
PEARL HARBOR: ON DECEMBER 7TH 1941 THE JAPANESE
LAUNCHED A SNEAK ATTACK ON US MILITARY FACILITIES IN
THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. THE US WAS CAUGHT UNPREPARED
AND MUCH DAMAGE WAS DONE. SOUND IS THE ACTUAL CBS
ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE ATTACK.
US Response
 FDR’s govt was
under negotiation
with the Japanese
before the attack
  “ A date that will
live in infamy”Dec 7, 1941
The Sinking of the USS Arizona
Pearl Harbor
FDR Asks Congress For a
Declaration of War
US Response


Congress declared
war on Japan,
Germany and Italy
(Dec. 8th)
The end of
Isolationism- The
attack on Pearl
Harbor aroused and
united America as
nothing else could
have done.
2. How many Americans perished at
Pearl Harbor?

2,000 perished
3. Besides the Japanese, who also declared war
on the United States?
1.
2.
Germany
Italy
4. Who won most of the early battles in the
Pacific-Japan or the US?

Japan
THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC FROM
PEARL HARBOR TO MIDWAY
JAPANESE 1942 ADVANCES
JAPAN INVADES DUTCH BORNEO, TIMOR,
CELEBES, JAN. 11
SINGAPORE FALLS, 36,000 JAPANESE CAPTURE
85,000 ALLIED SOLDIERS, FEB. 15TH
RANGOON AND BURMA CAPTURED ON MAR. 10TH
US SURRENDERS THE PHILIPPINES ON MAY 6TH
JAPANESE PORT MORESBY INVASION FLEET
TURNED BACK AT NAVAL BATTLE OF CORAL SEA ON
MAY 7TH
5. Describe how women helped the
war effort by 1942-43.

Women went to work
in large numbers in
the factories building
ships and weapons
for the war
6. How many women were working
during the war?


19 million
The Rosie the
Riveter poster “We
Can Do It” became
the iconic
representation of the
patriotic American
woman working in
the factories during
WW 2
7. How many days during the war
did it take to build a ship?

17 days
8. What things did Americans have
to ration?
1.
2.
3.
4.
gas
tires
Scrap metal
Rubber toys
9. How were the “Japs” portrayed on
American newsreels?



As villains, demonized,
they tossed babies on
bayonets
American Wartime
propaganda
Analyze a wartime
propaganda cartoon“Bugs Nips the Nips”
and Popeye
THESE POSTERS
WERE PUT UP IN
LOS ANGELES,
INSTRUCTING
PEOPLE OF
JAPANESE
DESCENT,
CITIZENS AND
NON-CITIZENS
ALIKE, TO
REPORT TO THE
CIVIL CONTROL
STATION TO BE
DEPORTED TO
THE CAMPS
Why Intern Japanese
Americans?




the government interned more than 120,000
people of Japanese descent, both citizens and
non-citizens.
this was done to prevent sabotage and
espionage by the Japanese Americans living on
the west coast.
the military investigated reports of traitorous
activities by Japanese Americans and none was
ever found to be true.
1988-US government paid reparations of
$20,000 to all surviving Japanese-Americans
still alive
JAPANESE
AMERICAN
GIRL WAITS
WITH ALL OF
HER FAMILY’S
BELONGINGS
TO BE
EVACUATED
TO AN
INTERNMENT
CAMP
JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMPS
THE DOTS
REPRESENT THE
LOCATION OF THE
CAMPS
CANAL CAMP, AZ
CRYSTAL CREEK, TX
MANZANAR, CA
GILA, AZ
Korematsu v. The United States



Sued the US
government over
the internment in
1944
Court 6-3 ruled the
internment was
constitutional
Civil Liberties in
time of war can be
restricted
President Ronald Reagan signs
the official reparation order 1988
10. Why were Japanese Americans under Executive
Order 9066 mandated to be removed from the West
Coast?

There was fear that
they would give aid
to a Japanese
invasion force
11. How many Japanese Americans
were relocated to internment
camps?

120,000
12. What male singer became a major
idol/heartthrob to many American women
during the war?

Frank Sinatra
13. Why were families back home not given the
full truth of the realities of the war from letters?

The government
didn’t want people
back home to get
the impression we
were losing;
wanted to keep
everyone in
support of the war
14. How many continents did
American soldiers fight on?

3 (Three)
The Last Days of WW 2 194445
15. What was the date the Allies invaded the German-held
French beaches of Normandy (the largest military
operation in US military history)?

June 6, 1944
16. What was the day called?

D-Day
17. What French city was liberated 2
months after the great invasion day

Paris
D-DAY INVASION BEACHES
D-DAY: THE ALLIED INVASION OF NAZI
OCCUPIED WESTERN EUROPE
D-Day Statistics
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
Allied supreme commander
Nine allied divisions invaded
on D-Day, 3 airborne and 6
infantry, 150,000 soldiers
12,000 planes
5,000 ships escorted the
invasion force
20,000 troops were landed by
air either parachute or gliders
(101st Airborne division) to
protect the flanks of the
invasion force from German
counterattacks
Shoulder sleeve
insignia are of the
American units,
division and above,
that were involved in
the Normandy invasion
on June 6, 1944.
A HEAVY PRICE WAS PAID FOR BY
US SOLDIERS IN THE
SUCCESSFUL INVASION OF
FRANCE
THOUSANDS OF
TROOPS ARRIVED
IN FRANCE ON
TOWED GLIDERS.
MANY CRASHED,
KILLING THEIR
PILOTS AND
PASSENGERS.
A HEAVY PRICE WAS PAID FOR
THE SUCCESSFUL INVASION OF
FRANCE
MAP OF ALLIED BREAK OUT FROM NORMANDY:
OPERATION COBRA
ALLIES ADVANCE RAPIDLY ACROSS FRANCE AFTER
BREAKING OUT OF NORMANDY IN OPERATION
COBRA.
US TROOPS MARCH IN A VICTORY PARADE AFTER
THE LIBERATION OF PARIS IN LATE AUGUST 1944
Hitler's Last Days/ End of
WW II in Europe



Several attempts were
made on Hitler's life
during the war, but each
plot was foiled
The war for Germany
appeared to be inevitably
lost as the US and its
allies surrounded and
then invaded Germany
after the last German
Offensive (The Battle of
the Bulge)
Hitler’s hand-picked
lieutenants, seeing the
futility, defied his orders
or committed suicide
Hitler’s 2nd in command
Heinrich Himmler
committed suicide
after capture
The Battle of the Bulge



Unternehmen
Wacht am Rhein
(in English:
"Operation Watch on
the Rhine")
19,000 Americans
killed in action
was the single
largest and
bloodiest battle
that American forces
experienced in
World War II and in
all US Military
history (89,000
casualties)
Hitler ends his own life
Hitler and his beloved
dog Blondi
* With allied forces
surrounding Berlin,
Hitler and his longtime
mistress Eva Braun
turned wife
committed suicide
in their underground
bunker in Berlin on
April 30, 1945
Eva Braun Hitler (wife of the
Fuhrer)
The Nazis Surrender



Roosevelt (USA),
Churchill (Britain), and
Stalin (Russia) made
arrangements for postwar Europe at the Yalta
Conference in February
1945
American, British, French
and Russian forces
eventually surrounded
Berlin in late April of 1945
On May 7th, the Nazis
surrendered; VE-Day
(Victory in Europe Day)
PRESIDENT FRANKLIN
DELANO ROOSEVELT DIED
ON APRIL 12 1945
Harry S. Truman becomes
President
Finishing off Japan
May-August 1945
KAMIKAZE ATTACKS
•Kamikazes were the
suicide attacks the Japanese
began late in the war when
they realized they could not
defeat conventional US forces.
there were other types of
kamikaze vehicles as well.
These included small boats,
flying human missiles or
ohkas, human torpedoes and
even the great battleship
Yamato.
PICTURES OF KAMIKAZES, AND US SHIPS HIT BY
SUICIDE PLANES SPRING-SUMMER 1945
BATTLE OF OKINAWA: the horrendous losses the us
suffered at Iwo Jima and Okinawa combined with the
devastating kamikaze attacks would only be a prelude to
the slaughter that would happen when the US invaded
Japanese home islands
70000
All combined
kamikaze operations 60000
combined sunk
50000
thirty-four ships, and
40000
damaged 288 ships
The most damage
done by kamikaze’s
was at Okinawa
where 1465 suicide
planes sank 30 ships
and damages 130
more
KILLED
WOUNDED
TOTAL
30000
20000
10000
0
IWO JIMA
OKINAWA
US losses at both
battles
OKINAWA
ALEUTIAN
ISLANDS


The Surrender and Defeat of
Japan
Japan –refused to
surrender despite
nightly firebombing of
its cities such as Tokyo
and Yokohama
The Allies were
planning a massive 2part invasion of Japan
code-named
Operation Downfall
to begin on X-Day,
November 1, 1945 and
end with Y-Day on
March 1, 1946
Why did Truman decide to drop the
Atomic Bombs on Japan?
1.
2.
3.
4.
To bring the war to a swifter end.
The battle for Okinawa had shown that an
D-Day type of invasion of the Japanese
mainland (planned for November) would
result in large numbers of American
casualties. The official estimate given to the
Secretary of War was 1 million Allied
casualties, though some historians dispute
whether this would have been the case.
Invasion would also have meant the death
of tens of millions of Japanese soldiers and
civilians, who were being trained as militia.
The Japanese were refusing to surrender
(to surrender is a dishonor)-break for
Pacific scene from Okinawa
The Atomic Bombs



Manhattan Project-secret project
assisted by the minds of Tesla and
Einstein
Potsdam Ultimatum: Truman to
Japan-surrender now or face
ultimate destruction
Two bombs were used-Little Boy
(dropped on Hiroshima) and Fat
Man (dropped on Nagasaki)
MODEL OF
“LITTLE BOY”
ATOMIC
BOMB
CREW OF THE ENOLA GAY
THE PLANE THAT
DROPPED THE FIRST
ATOMIC BOMB ON JAPAN
ENOLA GAY, PLANE THAT
DROPPED THE BOMB
What 2 Japanese cities were the
Atom bombs dropped on?
1.
2.

Hiroshima (August 6)
Nagasaki (August 9)
5 days after the 2nd
bomb was dropped, the
Japanese surrendered
on August 14, 1945, or
V-J day, signing the
Japanese Instrument of
Surrender on September
2nd
18. How many terms did President
Roosevelt win

4 (Four)
20. Who became the new president?

Harry S. Truman
21. What showed Americans that the
Japanese would fight to the bitter
end?

Japanese suicidal
kamikaze attacks
22. During the Potsdam Conference of July 1945,
what ultimatum did Truman and the Allies give
Japan?

Unconditional
surrender or face
destruction
23. Why did President Truman
decide to drop the atom bomb on
the Japanese?

TO SAVE LIVES
AND END THE
WAR QUICKLY
PRESIDENT
TRUMAN GAVE
THE ORDER TO
USE THE ATOMIC
BOMB ON JAPAN
24. What 2 Japanese cities were the
Atom bombs dropped on?
AUGUST 6TH, 1945, 70,000
KILLED AND EVEN MORE
WOUNDED
THE FIRST ATOMIC
BOMB WAS
DROPPED ON THE
CITY OF
1.HIROSHIMA
AUGUST 9TH, 40,000 KILLED
A SECOND ATOMIC
BOMB WAS DROPPED
ON 2. NAGASAKI AND
THE JAPANESE
SURRENDERED
25. Why was the date August 15,
1945 a cause of celebration for
Americans?

V J DAY, AUGUST
14, 1945
WORLD WAR II
ENDS-The
Japanese finally
surrendered
V J DAY, AUGUST 14, 1945 WORLD WAR II
ENDS
26. How many Americans lost their
lives during WW II?

The video says
395,000 or so, but
if you include MIAs
(Missing in Action)
and POWs
(Prisoners of War
that were never
returned) we lost
closer to 500,000
Americans to the
War
WW II DEATHS PER COUNTRY
The Results of the War
1. The Holocaust: US and
Allied soldiers discovered
gruesome sites when
liberating Nazi Occupied
Europe: the victims
where Jews and other of
Hitler’s ”enemies”were
being systematically
massacred by the Nazis
2. The Russian Soviet
communists took over
all of Eastern Europe- the
Cold War followed as a
competitive arms race
between the United
States and The Soviet
Union (Russia)
The Results of the War



3. Germany was rebuilt
and split into East
(controlled by the
Russians) and West
(controlled by Britain,
France and the USA)
4. The formation of the
United Nations (UN) an
international organization
made up of all nations to
prevent further wars
5. The Jewish people
were finally given their
own country by the UNIsrael
After WW 2 Germany was
occupied by 4 countries
West and East Germany
The Results of the War


6. Japan (who fought
the Allies on
Germany’s side) along
w/ Germany was
occupied and rebuilt
by the USA.
7. The USA becomes
the most powerful
nation in the world
The Results of the War



9. Women gain even more
rights by working in the
factories building
weapons to help the war
effort. (Rosie the Riveter)
10. US Isolation/neutrality
ended
11. Due to massive war
production in the factories,
the United States’ recovered
completely from the Great
Depression.