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ATP-ADP Cycle
B-3.3 Recognize the overall structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)---namely, adenine, the sugar ribose, and three
phosphate groups ---and summarize its function including the ATP-ADP [adenosine diphosphate] cycle
ATP: The Cell’s Currency
 Life processes require a constant supply of energy.
 Cells use energy that is stored in the________________ of certain organic molecules.
 ______________________________________ (ATP) is a molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of
food molecules to cell processes.
ATP: Structure
 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most important biological molecule that supplies energy to the cell.
 A molecule of ATP is composed of three parts bonded together by “high energy” bonds:
o A nitrogenous base (___________________)
o A sugar (________________)
o ___________________phosphate groups (triphosphate)
ATP-ADP Cycle
 The energy stored in ATP is released when a __________________ group is ______________ from the molecule.
 ATP has three phosphate groups, but the bond holding the _______________________ groups is very easily
broken.
 When the phosphate is removed, ATP becomes ______________—adenosine _________________phosphate
 A phosphate is released into the cytoplasm and energy is released.
 ADP is a lower energy molecule than ATP, but can be converted to ATP by the addition of a phosphate group.
 ATP → ADP + phosphate + energy available for cell processes
How do you “recharge” the battery?
 ADP is continually converted to ATP by the ____________________ of a phosphate during the process of cellular
respiration.
 ATP carries much __________________________ than ADP.
 As the cell requires more energy, it uses energy from the breakdown of food molecules to attach a free
________________ group to an ADP molecule in order to make ATP.
 ______________ + __________________ + energy from breakdown of food molecules→
________________
When is ATP used?
 ATP is consumed in the cell by __________________________________ processes and can be generated by
energy-releasing processes.
 In this way ATP ______________________energy between separate biochemical reactions in the cell.
 ATP is the main energy source for the majority of cellular functions.
 This includes the _________________________of organic molecules, including DNA and, and proteins.
 ATP also plays a critical role in the transport of organic molecules across cell membranes, for example during
_____________________and ________________________
Types of Reactions
 ____________ (energy-yielding)
o Produces _______________
o Ex. Cellular respiration
 ______________ (energy-requiring) reactions
 Requires ____________
 Ex. Photosynthesis