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ATP-ADP Cycle B-3.3 Recognize the overall structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)---namely, adenine, the sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups ---and summarize its function including the ATP-ADP [adenosine diphosphate] cycle ATP: The Cell’s Currency Life processes require a constant supply of energy. Cells use energy that is stored in the________________ of certain organic molecules. ______________________________________ (ATP) is a molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes. ATP: Structure Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most important biological molecule that supplies energy to the cell. A molecule of ATP is composed of three parts bonded together by “high energy” bonds: o A nitrogenous base (___________________) o A sugar (________________) o ___________________phosphate groups (triphosphate) ATP-ADP Cycle The energy stored in ATP is released when a __________________ group is ______________ from the molecule. ATP has three phosphate groups, but the bond holding the _______________________ groups is very easily broken. When the phosphate is removed, ATP becomes ______________—adenosine _________________phosphate A phosphate is released into the cytoplasm and energy is released. ADP is a lower energy molecule than ATP, but can be converted to ATP by the addition of a phosphate group. ATP → ADP + phosphate + energy available for cell processes How do you “recharge” the battery? ADP is continually converted to ATP by the ____________________ of a phosphate during the process of cellular respiration. ATP carries much __________________________ than ADP. As the cell requires more energy, it uses energy from the breakdown of food molecules to attach a free ________________ group to an ADP molecule in order to make ATP. ______________ + __________________ + energy from breakdown of food molecules→ ________________ When is ATP used? ATP is consumed in the cell by __________________________________ processes and can be generated by energy-releasing processes. In this way ATP ______________________energy between separate biochemical reactions in the cell. ATP is the main energy source for the majority of cellular functions. This includes the _________________________of organic molecules, including DNA and, and proteins. ATP also plays a critical role in the transport of organic molecules across cell membranes, for example during _____________________and ________________________ Types of Reactions ____________ (energy-yielding) o Produces _______________ o Ex. Cellular respiration ______________ (energy-requiring) reactions Requires ____________ Ex. Photosynthesis