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Present Tense – Regular Verbs Personal Endings The personal endings of a verb will indicate what or who the subject is. In Latin the same personal endings are used for many different tenses. 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person Singular (I) ō or m (you) s (he/she/it/singular noun) t Plural (we) mus (you) tis (they/plural noun) nt Verb Conjugations Most Latin verbs can be broken down into four main groups which are known as 1st conjugation, 2nd conjugation, 3rd conjugation, and 4th conjugation. You can tell which conjugation a verb is in by its infinitive. The infinitive is also known as the 2nd Principal Part because it is the 2nd form listed in a dictionary entry. When you get to the blue book (Unit 2), the glossary will list the verbs the same as in a Latin dictionary. Most infinitives end in “-re”. Often an infinitive is translated as “to + verb”. 1st Conjugation Verbs These are verbs which have an “ā” in their infinitive. Examples are: clāmō, clāmāre; labōrō, labōrare. To conjugate a 1st conjugation verb, you must first form the stem. Take the 2nd Principal Part (the infinitive). Drop the –re. Add the personal endings. Notice there is no “ā” in 1st person singular. st 1 Person 2nd Person 3rd Person Singular (I shout) clāmō (you shout) clāmās (he/she/it/singular noun shouts) clāmat Plural (we shout) clāmāmus (you shout) clāmātis (they/plural noun shout) clāmānt 2nd Conjugation Verbs These are verbs which have an “ē” in their infinitive. Examples are: videō, vidēre; rīdeō, rīdēre. To conjugate a 2nd conjugation verb, you must first form the stem. Take the 2nd Principal Part (the infinitive). Drop the –re. Add the personal endings. st 1 Person 2nd Person 3rd Person Singular (I see) videō (you see) vidēs (he/she/it/singular noun sees) videt Plural (we see) vidēmus (you see) vidētis (they/plural noun see) vident 3rd Conjugation Verbs These are verbs which have an “e” in their infinitive. Examples are: currō, currere; dūcō, dūcere. To conjugate a 2nd conjugation verb, you must first form the stem. Take the 1st Principal Part (the 1st person singular form). Drop the –o. Add “i” to everything except 1st person singular and 3rd person plural. Add a “u” to 3rd person plural. Add the personal endings. st 1 Person 2nd Person 3rd Person Singular (I run) currō (you run) curris (he/she/it/singular noun runs) currit Plural (we run) currimus (you run) curritis (they/plural noun run) currunt 4th Conjugation Verbs These are verbs which have an “ī” in their infinitive. Examples are: audiō, audīre; dormiō, dormīre. To conjugate a 2nd conjugation verb, you must first form the stem. Take the 2nd Principal Part (the infinitive). Drop the –re. Add the personal endings. Add a “u” to 3rd person plural. Add the personal endings. 1st Person 2nd Person 3rd Person Singular (I sleep) dormiō (you sleep) dormīs (he/she/it/singular noun sleeps) dormit Plural (we sleep) dormīmus (you sleep) dormītis (they/plural noun sleep) dormiunt