Download File - Mr. Butts World History

Name: ________________________________ Date: __________________________ Period: ______
Frederick Barbarossa
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Directions: (1) Use context clues, your background knowledge, the word bank, and the process of
elimination to fill in the blanks below. (2) Answer the questions as they occur. (3) Complete the flow
map below to make clear what happened after “he became the Duke of Swabia following his father’s
death.” The events may not be in order in the text. (4) Write a one paragraph summary of this reading.
WORD
BANK
Conrad
king
pope
crusade
Charlemagne
family
Frederick I Barbarossa was born in 1122, to Frederick II, Duke
of Swabia and his wife Judith. Barbarossa’s parents provided
him with strong (1) _______________ and dynastic ties which
would aid him later in life. At the age of 25, he became the
Duke of Swabia following his father’s death. Later that year,
he accompanied his uncle, Conrad III, King of Germany, on
the Second Crusade. Though the (2) _______________ was a
tremendous failure, Barbarossa acquitted himself well and
earned the respect and trust of his uncle.
3-5 Write three adjectives that could describe Barbarossa
based only on the few details included in the paragraph
above.
_______________
_______________
_______________
Returning to Germany in 1149, Barbarossa remained close to
Conrad and in 1152, was summoned by the king as he lay on
his death bed. As (6) _______________ neared death, he expressed his desire that Barbarossa succeed
him as (7) _______________. Moving quickly, Barbarossa garnered the support of the prince-electors
and was named king on March 4th, 1152. Ascending to the throne, Barbarossa wished to restore
Germany and the Holy Roman Empire to the glory it had achieved under (8) _______________.
Traveling through Germany, Barbarossa met with the local princes and worked to end sectional strife.
Using an even hand, he united the princes’ interests while gently reasserting the power of the king.
Though Barbarossa was King of Germany, he had not yet been crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the
(9) _______________.
10
What details in the paragraph above suggest that Barbarossa might have the skills needed to
restore the glory of the Holy Roman Empire?
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WORD
BANK
bickering
cousin
supremacy
enemies
retreat
rift
excommunicating
tensions
In 1153, there was general feeling of dissatisfaction with the Church in Germany. Moving south with his
army, Barbarossa sought to calm these (11) _______________. In the spring of 1153 he concluded the
Treaty of Constance with Pope Adrian IV. Barbarossa agreed to aid the pope in fighting his Norman
(12) _______________ in Italy. In exchange, he would be crowned Holy Roman Emperor. After
defeating the Normans, Barbarossa was crowned by the pope on June 18th, 1155. Returning home that
fall, Barbarossa encountered renewed (13) _______________ among the German princes.
14
What rhetorical device does the author use when noting Barbarossa’s ongoing problems with
the German princes? (Circle one.)
a
analogy
b
foreshadowing
c
hyperbole
d
allusion
On June 9th, 1156, at Würzburg, Barbarossa married
Beatrice of Burgundy. Never idle, he intervened in a
Danish civil war the following year. In June of 1158, he
prepared a large expedition to Italy. In the years since
he was crowned, a (15) _______________ had opened
between Barbarossa and the pope. Barbarossa
challenged the Church’s doctrine of papal
(16) _______________. While Barbarossa believed
that the pope should be subject to the emperor, Pope
Adrian IV claimed the opposite. Marching into Italy,
Barbarossa sought to reassert his power and
independence. In northern Italy, he conquered city
after city. He occupied Milan on September 7th, 1158.
Adrian considered (17) _______________ the emperor,
but he died before he could do it. In September of
1159, Pope Alexander III was elected. He immediately
moved to claim papal supremacy over the Holy Roman
Empire. Alexander quickly excommunicated Barbarossa.
18
Why might Adrian have been slow to excommunicate Barbarossa? Explain your answer.
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Barbarossa travelled back to Germany in late 1162 to quell unrest caused by his (19) ______________,
Henry the Lion. The following year he returned to Italy. His goal was to conquer Sicily, but uprisings in
northern Italy forced Barbarossa to change his plans. In 1166 Barbarossa attacked towards Rome at
won a decisive victory at the Battle of Monte Porzio. His success proved short-lived as disease ravaged
his army and he was forced to (20) _______________ back to Germany. Remaining in his realm for six
years, he worked to improve diplomatic relations with England, France, and the Byzantine Empire.
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WORD
BANK
overland
army
Italy
Alexander
river
rebellion
Lion
During this time, several of the German clergy took up the cause of Pope Alexander. Despite this unrest
at home, Barbarossa again formed a large (21) _______________ and crossed the mountains into Italy.
Here he met the united forces of the Lombard League, an alliance of northern Italian cities fighting in
support of the pope. After winning several victories, Barbarossa asked Henry the (22) _______________
join him with reinforcements, but Henry refused to come south.
On May 29th, 1176, Barbarossa was badly defeated at
Legnano. Rumors spread that he was killed in the
fighting. With his hold over Lombardy broken,
Barbarossa made peace with Pope
(23) _______________ at Venice on July 24th, 1177.
When Barbarossa recognized Alexander as pope his
excommunication was lifted. With peace declared, the
emperor and his army marched north. Arriving in
Germany, Barbarossa found Henry the Lion in open
(24) _______________ of his authority. Invading
Saxony and Bavaria, Barbarossa captured Henry’s lands and forced him into exile. Though Barbarossa
had reconciled with the pope, he continued to take actions to strengthen his position in Italy. In 1183,
he signed a treaty with the Lombard League, separating them from the pope. Also, his son, Henry,
married Constance, the Norman princess of Sicily, and was proclaimed King of (25) _______________ in
1186. While these maneuvers led to increased tension with Rome, it did not prevent Barbarossa
answering the call for the Third Crusade in 1189.
26
If Barbarossa does not accept the authority of popes, why is excommunication a powerful tool
for Alexander?
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Working in conjunction with Richard I of England and Philip II of France, Barbarossa formed an immense
army with the goal of retaking Jerusalem from Saladin. While the English and French kings traveled by
sea to the Holy Land with their forces, Barbarossa's army was too large and was forced to march
(27) _______________. Moving through Hungary, Serbia, and the Byzantine Empire, they crossed the
Bosporus into Anatolia. After fighting two battles, they arrived at the Saleph River in southeast Anatolia.
While stories vary, it is known that Barbarossa died on June 10th, 1190, while jumping into or crossing
the (28) _______________. His death led to chaos within the army and only a small fraction of the
original force, led by his son Frederick VI of Swabia, made it to the fighting in the Holy Lands.
29
Given Barbarossa’s long history of conflict with popes, why does he fight - and die - answering
Pope Alexander’s call for another crusade to retake Jerusalem?
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Directions: Complete the flow map below to make clear what happened after “he became the Duke of
Swabia following his father’s death.” The events may not be in order in the text.
“he became
the Duke of
Swabia
following his
father’s death.”
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Directions: Summarize this reading in one full paragraph.
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