Download 03 China Limits European Contact

China Limits European Contact
Objectives:
 Students will be able to speak and write about the rise of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
 Students will be able to speak and write about many of the social and economic factors in China
during this time.
Standards:
OSPI’s Essential Academic Learning Requirements (EALRs) 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4,
5.1, 5.2 & 5.4
Materials:
 Handout (see below)
 Photo that compares Zheng He's treasure ship to Columbus' Santa Maria.
 Text
 Beck, R. B., Black, L., Krieger, L. S., Naylor, P. C., & Shabaka, D. I. (2007). Modern
world history: Patterns of interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell.
Procedures:
Primarily lecture with opportunities for paired discussions. The handout is primarily a worksheet. The
students use it to take notes during the lecture portion of the class.
Assessment:
 Formative assessment – The teacher will have the students answer questions about the previous
day's lesson.
 Summative assessment – The students will have a written opportunity to show what they have
learned covering lessons 1, 2 & 3. This will involve multiple choice, short answer and short
essay questions.
Modifications:
If there are students who are having difficulty with the lesson, the students will be able to study
the lesson at home using the textbook online. The teacher is available to help students work through
areas they having difficulty in.
Notes:
 Yuan Dynasty (Mongol, founded by Kublai Khan in 1271) is overthrown in 1368.
 The Hongwu Emperor – Zhu Yuanzhang, peasant, floods and plague killed most of his family.
Joined local rebellions against their Mongol rulers. Leads several successful battles. Conquers
large area and declares himself emperor of the Ming Dynasty in 1368 and took the name
Hongwu. The Mongols abandon their capital city (present day Beijing) soon after. The Hongwu
Emperor establishes his capital at Nanjing. Hongwu is the title of his reign, not his name.
 Agricultural reforms – increased rice production, improved irrigation, fish farming,
commercial crops-cotton, sugar cane.
 Erase signs of Mongol rule
 return to Confucian ideals
 The Jianwen Emperor – Zhu Yuanzhang's son and died before he did and named his grandson,
Zhu Yunwen, who becomes emperor at 15 when Zhu Yuanzhang dies in 1398.
 The Yonglo Emperor – Zhi Di, Zhu Yuanzhang's son from a secondary wife or consort,
challenges the Jianwen Emperor. Marches on the palace and becomes emperor in 1402. In 1405;
before Henry, Dias, and de Gama; he orders the first of seven expeditions. Decides to move the
capital to Beijing.
 Zheng He – (1371-1433), Chinese Muslim admiral who led 7 expeditions across the Western
Ocean (Indian Ocean) with huge fleets. SHOW PICTURE. The voyages went to Southeast
Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Arabia, East Africa.
 1st Expedition – Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, India. 317 ships (over 60 of
those 400+ ft Treasure Ships). Crew of over 27,000 including sailors, clerks, interpreters,
soldiers, artisans, medical men and meteorologists.
 Zheng He presented gifts of gold, silver, porcelain and silk; in return, China received
such novelties as ostriches, zebras, camels, ivory and giraffes.
 The excessive costs of moving the capital, the cost of the voyages, constant threat of the
Mongols, and funds to expand the Great Wall – the voyages are canceled – Zheng He
dies on the 7th voyage.
 Popular stories that he made it to the Americas. No evidence.
 Ming Dynasty put strict control on trade. Only the government could trade with foreign
countries. Economic focus was agricultural, therefore manufacturing was heavily taxed. China's
Confucian beliefs were opposed to outside commerce. “Merchants made their money
supporting foreigners and robbery.” European missionaries entered China during this period and
introduced Christianity.
 Qing Dynasty – Manchus (from Manchuria) invade and conquer in 1644. Dynasty lasts until
1912 when China becomes a republic.
 Prior to conquering the Ming Dynasty, the Manchus had conquered Korea (a Ming ally)
in 1636.
 The Kangxi Emperor – Xuanye becomes 3rd emperor of the Qing Dynasty and rules
1662-1722. Lowered taxes, patron of the arts, scholar, followed developments in Europe.
 The Qianlong Emperor – Hongli, grandson of the Kangxi Emperor (rules 1736-1795).
China reaches its greatest size. Trivia – he dies the same year as George Washington
(1799).
 Manchus continue Chinese isolation. International trade only can occur at certain ports.
Europeans must pay tribute and perform the kowtow ritual, which required bowing to
the emperor. The Dutch agreed to gifts and rituals, the British did not; therefore the
Dutch enjoyed privileged trade with China.
 Due to their submission to the Qing, and after attack by the Japanese, Korea develops a sense of
nationalism
 Read Life in Ming and Qing China p. 107 (Beck text)
China Limits European Contacts
3.2 (p.102-107)
Terms & Names:
Ming Dynasty:
Hongwu:
Yonglo:
Zheng He:
Manchus:
Qing Dynasty:
Kangxi:
Objective #1: Identify the successes of the early Ming emperors. (China Under the Powerful Ming
Dynasty)
How was China influenced by foreigners during the Ming Dynasty?
Objective #2: Describe China and Korea under the Qing dynasty. (Manchus Found the Qing Dynasty)
Why was trade a problem during the Qing Dynasty?
Objective #3: Describe life in Ming & Qing China. (Life in Ming & Qing Ching)
Which parts of society improved during this time, and which continued to be the same?