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China and Buddhism Unit 1 Section 5 TWYL: How were ancient civilizations and empires able to development, grow and create a lasting impact? How has conflict and innovation influenced political, religious, economic and social changes in medieval civilizations? China and India CHINA Mesopotamia Egypt You are here INDIA Ancient China Yangtze and Huang He (Yellow River) Shang China (1700 B.C. – 1100 B.C.) Shang Used was the first Chinese dynasty oracle bones Sometimes Used called dragon bones to predict the future Zhou China (1100 B.C. – 250 B.C.) Established “Mandate of Heaven” (Authority granted by heaven) to validate their rule “Warring States Period” ( many large states in China were fighting to control the whole empire Golden ) (475 B.C. – 221 B.C.) Age of Chinese Philosophy Taoism- universal force Based on teachings of Laozi Called Tao Te Ching Emphasizes nature harmony of individual with Confucianism Founded by Kongfuzi (551-479 B.C.) social harmony & good gov’t would return to China if people lived ethically Analects Stressed the importance of five relationships: Ruler & subject Parent & child Filial piety: children respecting their arents Husband & wife Old & young Friend & friend Legalism Developed from Hanfeizi Humans are evil by nature and need a strict law Used to support strict laws and harsh punishments Qin (Chin)China (221 B.C. – 206 B.C.) China was unified by Qin Shi huangdi Name means “First Emperor 36 military districts (cells) Legalist form of gov’t destroyed the power of the nobles burned thousands of books relating to philosophy & gov’t forced-labor gangs Achievements of the Qin Standardized Set the Chinese language up a unified law code for China We get the modern day name for China from the Qin Famous for the Terra Cotta Army Great Wall-It stretched 4,000 miles. Social Classes in Chinese Society Status of Peasants in Chinese culture ≈ 90% of all the people-lived in villages Paid taxes of produce and livestock & had to work one month a year on public works projects (roads, walls, etc.) Could be drafted into the army Patriarchal Family Top – oldest male (father), followed by males in chronological order, then females Role of the Father Determined education, career & marriages for his children Controlled finances Structured, each member had specific duties Buddhism Founded by Siddhartha Gautama Called Buddha Means “Enlightened One” Related to Hinduism • • Shares belief of: • Karma -(accumulation of good or bad deeds) • Dharma -(but in this case is the teachings of Buddha telling you how to act/live) • Reincarnation • • (rebirth) Differs: Rejection of caste system Teachings: Four Noble Truths: 1. The truth of suffering ( dukkha ) 2. The truth of the cause of suffering ( samudaya ) 3. The truth of the end of suffering ( nirhodha ) 4. The truth of the path that frees us from suffering ( magga ) • By following the Eightfold Path one could eliminate desires Purpose: To reach nirvana (enlightenment) Diffusion of Buddhism Ashoka was the first ruler to send out Buddhist missions to convert other nations, helping the religion spread Diffusion of Buddhism