Download Chapter 18 Highlights - Orting School District

Chapter 18 Highlights
APES 2015
Mrs. Thompson
Key Ideas
• Describe how genetic diversity, species
diversity and ecosystem functions are
changing over time.
• Identify causes of declining biodiversity and
describe solutions
• Compare and contrast the single species
approach with the ecosystem approach to
conservation
True or False….
• Approximately 10,000 species extinctions per
year (~.5%) make the past 50 years the world’s 6th
mass extinction
• 80% of domesticated livestock species in North
America are declining or at risk of extinction due
to a loss in genetic diversity
• There are approximately 500 seed bank facilities
around the world
• Almost 50% of al amphibian species are
threatened or near-threatened with extinction
True or False….
• Approximately 50,000 species extinctions per
year (~.5%) make the past 50 years the world’s
6th mass extinction
• There are approximately 1400 seed bank
facilities around the world
Biodiversity
• Turn and talk:
– Make a list of at least five possible causes of
declining biodiversity
– What do you think the number 1 cause is?
Habitat Loss
• The western gray squirrel play an important role in
maintaining oak woodlands by planting acorns and
disseminating spores of mycorrhizal fungi.
• Washington population of western gray squirrels are
estimated to total between 468 and 1,405 individuals.
• None of the three current populations seem to be large
enough to avoid a decline in genetic diversity and at
least two may suffer from the negative effects of
inbreeding.
• The western gray squirrel was listed as a threatened
species in Washington in 1993 and its native oak
habitat is recognized as a Priority Habitat.
Competition with Invasive Species
http://www.invasivespecies.wa.gov/priorities.s
html
Overharvest/over hunting
Pollution
WHAT’S THE PROBLEM WITH STORMWATER?
• Stormwater is the leading contributor to water quality
pollution of urban waterways in the state.
• Two species of salmon and bull tout are threatened with
extinction under the federal Endangered Species Act. Loss of
habitat due to stormwater and development is one of the
causes.
• Shellfish harvest at many beaches is restricted or
prohibited due to pollution. Stormwater runoff is often one of
the causes.
• Stormwater likely contributes to the killing of high percentages
of healthy coho salmon in Seattle creeks within hours of the
fish entering the creeks, before the fish are able to spawn.
• English sole are more likely to develop cancerous lesions on
their livers in more urban areas. Stormwater likely plays a role.
Climate Change
• summer temperature increases and decreased summer flows, will
threaten many freshwater species, particularly salmon, steelhead, and
trout.
• Rising temperatures will increase in several iconic salmon species,
especially for Chinook and sockeye.
• more than 140,000 acres of coastal lands lie within 3.3 feet in elevation of
high tide. As sea levels continue to rise, these areas will be inundated
more frequently.
• Ocean acidification threatens marine species such as oysters and Pacific
salmon
• increasing wildfire risk and insect and tree disease outbreaks
• reduce the availability of irrigation water in snowmelt-fed basins and
increase the probability of heat stress to field crops and tree fruit.
Possible increases in plant diseases, pests, and weeds present additional
potential risks.”
Invasive Species Wanted Poster
Name: AKA: scientific name/common name/
“criminal name”
Picture: A drawing or photograph (color
preferred)
Identifying Characteristics: Key features to
look for when identifying the criminal
Last Seen: Where did the species originally
come from?
Suspected Hideouts: Include a map of
Washington with its current distribution
shaded; description of preferred habitat
Crimes Committed: By your species (be
specific to your species and not general to all
invasive species)
Reward: For elimination of your species (be
specific for your species)
Invasive species
• How are invasive
species introduced to a
new area?
• What steps can be
taken to stop new
invasive species from
being brought into
Washington?
• What are common
consequences of
invasive species?
• Why should steps be
taken to reduce/ stop
invasive species
introduction?
Warm Up
• Compare and contrast the single species vs
ecosystem approaches to conservation
• Give an example of each
http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/salmon/
http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/videos/sanctuaryoverview.html