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ROCK QUIZ Name___________________________________ 1. Which granite sample most likely formed from magma that cooled and solidified at the slowest rate? The diagram at the right represents the percentage by volume of each mineral found in a sample of basalt. 7. Which mineral is represented by the letter X in the diagram? (1) potassium feldspar (2) plagioclase feldspar (3) quartz (4) mica Base your answers to questions 2 + 3 on the diagram below which represents the formation of a sedimentary rock. [Sediments are drawn actual size.] 8. How does basalt form? (1) pressure and heat, just below melting (2) compaction and cementing (3) erosion and deposition (4) melting and solidification 9. Which of these samples is a coarse grained igneous rock? (1) conglomerate (2) granite (3) sandstone (4) gneiss 10. Some sedimentary rocks form as a direct result of (1) evaporation of seawater (2) recrystallization just before melting (3) solidification of melted rock (4) the weathering of solid rock 2. The formation of which sedimentary rock is show in the diagram? (1) conglomerate (2) sandstone (3) siltstone (4) shale 3. Which two processes formed this rock? (1) folding and faulting (2) melting and solidification (3) compaction and cementation: (4) heating and application of pressure 11. Granite is composed of large crystals because it (1) is relatively high in density (2) is composed of felsic minerals (3) cooled slowly, deep underground (4) contains pebbles of various compositions 12. Which sample is composed of sedimentary particles from 0.006 cm to 0.2 cm in diameter that have been compressed and cemented together? (1) sandstone (2) gneiss (3) conglomerate (4) granite 4. Which property is common to most dark-colored igneous rocks? (1) high density (2) intrusive formation (3) abundant felsic minerals (4) coarsegrained texture 13 Classifying rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic is based upon differences in their (1) age (2) particle size (3) hardness (4) origin 5. According to the Reference Tables, which sedimentary rock most likely formed as an evaporite? (1) siltstone (2) conglomerate (3) gypsum (4) shale 14. What sedimentary rock would be formed from particles 2 to 4 centimeters in diameter cement by a fine-grained matrix? (1) shale (2) sandstone (3) conglomerate (4) siltstone 6. What rock is formed by the compression and cementation of sediments with particle sizes ranging from 0.08 to 0.1 centimeter? (1) basalt (2) conglomerate (3) granite (4) sandstone 15. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, what is the percentage of the mineral quartz in a typical granite? (1) 5% (2) 10% (3) 35% (4) 75% 16. Which of the following rock types often forms by precipitation from evaporating sea water? (1) gypsum (2) sandstone (3) basalt (4) shale plagioclase and pyroxene (2) it is felsic and low in density (3) it formed near the earth's surface (4) it cooled slowly as it formed 17. What property is used to classify a rock as shale, siltstone, sandstone or conglomerate? (1) the mineral composition (2) the shapes of the mineral crystals (3) the overall color of the rock (4) the size of the particles in the rock 26. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, which of these is a fine-grained, dark-colored igneous rock? (1) basalt (2) granite (3) shale (4) diorite, 18. Nine rock samples were classified into three groups as shown in the table below. This classification system was most likely based on the (1) age of the minerals in the rock (2) size of the crystals in the rock (3) way in which the rock formed (4) color of the rock 19. Which two processes result in the formation of igneous rocks? (1) solidification and evaporation (2) melting and solidification (3) crystallization and cementation (4) compression and precipitation 20 According to the Reference Tables, which property would be most useful for identifying igneous rocks? (1) kind of cement (2) mineral composition (3) number of mineral present (4) types of fossils present 21. Which characteristic of an igneous rock provides the most information about how it formed? (1) color (2) streak (3) texture (4) hardness 22. How do igneous rocks form? (1) high pressure at low temperatures (2) erosion and deposition (3) compaction and cementing (4) melting and solidification 23. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, which mineral is found in a wide variety of igneous rocks?(1) potassium feldspar (2) plagioclase feldspar (3) qumr . .(4) dark (biotite) mica 24. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, how does gabbro differ from basalt? (1) only in grain size (2) o~ in mineral composition (3) in color and grain size (4) in mineral composition and color 25. If an igneous rock is composed of large mineral crystals, we can conclude that (1) it contains both 27. The bedrock of the flat areas on the Moon is mostly basalt. This fine-grained igneous rock was most likely formed by the (1) cementing and compacting of sediments (2) changes caused by heat and pressure on pre-existing rocks (3) slow cooling of magma deep under the surface . (4) rapid cooling of molten rock in lava flows 28. Sand collected from a beach contains a mixture of pyroxene, olivine, hornblende, and plagioclase feldspar. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, what can we conclude about the rock the sand came from? (1) It was mafic in composition. (2) It was relatively low in density. (3) It contained only light-colored minerals. (4) It was either granite or rhyolite. 29. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, what is the approximate percentage of plagioclase feldspar in igneous diorite? (1) 10% (2) 30% (3) 60% (4) 90% 30. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, sandstone can be composed entirely of sedimenbuy particles with a diameter of (1) 1/1000 (2) 1/10 cm (3) 1 cm (4) 10 cm 31. Where are sedimentary rocks usually found? (1) covering most of the continents (2) regions of recent volcanic activity (3) deep within the Earth’s crust (4) next to igneous intrusions 32. Which process(es) change sediments into sewmenbuy rock? (1) melting (2) compression and cementing (3) extrusion and intrusion (4) metarnoIphism 33 According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, what kind of sedimentary rock may be composed of marine skeletons, or sea shell fragments cemented together? (1) limestone (2) rock salt (3) coal (4) siltstone 34. How does rock salt form? (1) by crystallization of molten rock (2) by the cementing of cobbles and boulders (3) by heating and compression of other rocks (4) by the evaporation of sea water