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Name: ____________________________________ Period: _____ Biomes Vocabulary 1. Biosphere – A narrow layer near the earth’s surface where life exists. 2. Biomes – A large region of land with climate and certain types of plant and animal life. 3. Climate – Long term weather patterns in an area, most effect plants in a biome. 4. Precipitation – A form of water such as rain, snow, or sleet, that falls to the earth’s surface. 5. Climatogram – A graph of both temperature and precipitation. 6. Permafrost – Permanently frozen soil that is found in the tundra. 7. Deciduous trees – Trees that lose their leaves every year. 8. Conifers – Trees that produce cones, have needles instead of leaves, and don’t lose their needles all at once. Also known as evergreens. 9. Adaptation – A characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment and reproduce. 10. Native species – Species that have naturally evolved in an area. 11. Exotic species – Species not native to an area. 12. Plankton – Microscopic organisms, the basis for most food chains in the open oceans. 13. Estuary – Area where a river and an ocean meet. Ex: mud flats, salt marshes, swamps. 14. Brackish water – Mixture of saltwater and fresh water. 15. Intertidal zone – Ocean zone closest to the shore, where organisms must be able to survive both in and out of water. A difficult place to live. 16. Neritic zone – Beyond the intertidal zone, no breaking waves, constant temperature. 17. Open sea zone – Beyond the neritic zone, where the continental shelf drops off. 18. Photosynthetic zone – The top 200m of the ocean, regardless of what is under it. 19. Abyss – Below 2000 m in the ocean. No sunlight, very cold, tremendous pressure, few organisms, the largest zone in the ocean. 20. Fast moving bodies of water – Streams; contain little life. 21. Slow moving bodies of water – Lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers. Contain more living things. Name: ____________________________________ Period: _____ 22. Ecoregion – A defined area that is smaller than a biome and larger than an ecosystem. The biodiversity that characterizes an ecoregion is distinct from that of other ecoregions. 23. Habitat – The place in an ecosystem where an organism lives. 24. Microhabitat – A small habitat within a larger one in which environmental conditions differ from these in the surrounding area. 25. Biodiversity – The variety of organisms in a specific environment, or an Earth as a whole. 26. Sustainability – – a measure of an ecosystem’s ability to 1) withstand change and remain diverse and productive over time; 2) maintain equilibrium. 27. Equilibrium – State when opposing forces are balanced or stable. 28. Habitat loss – The loss of living space due to human activity or catastrophic events. 29. Poaching – The illegal removal or killing of wild plants or animals against local laws. 30. Pollution – Any change in the environment that is harmful to organisms. 31. Succession – A gradual orderly change of a species in a community over time. 32. Primary succession – Succession occurring on land recently exposed by a melting glacier or on lava fields created by a volcano. (Starts from bare rock.) 33. Pioneer species – The first living things to develop in a previously lifeless area. 34. Climax community – The final stage of succession. 35. Secondary succession – The gradual return of a disturbed area to its former communities. (ex: after a fire.) (Starts with dirt already in place!)