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Small Group Communication (Continued) Mediation & Conflict Resolution Small Group Communication GROUP (definition): a number of individuals whose communication behaviors are interdependent and structured, creating the perception of common goals and shared norms, as well as an identity as a collective whole Common goals Network of communication Behavioral interdependence Structured relations Shared norms Sense of wholeness Small Group Communication - Power Power: the ability to influence people or events; the ability to resist the influence of others In interpersonal relationships, power determines: How partners relate to each other Who controls relationship decisions Whose goals will prevail Types of Power Legitimate: right by virtue, based on respect for position that a person holds Referent: person wants to be like you or identify with you, attraction Reward Power: ability to give person rewards or satisfy their needs Coercive Power: ability to remove rewards or administer power, use sanctions or punishments to influence others Expert Power: have expertise, experience or knowledge above other members Information Power (AKA Persuasion Power): communicate logically and persuasively Small Group Power Dynamics and Conflict Power is always present, can be used ethically or unethically, and can influence conflict… Conflict Process: the process that occurs when people perceive they have incompatible goals or that someone is interfering in their ability to achieve their objectives Perception: perceive some incompatible goals or actions; see others as uncooperative Clashes in goals or behaviors Develops over time Dynamic: conflicts are ever-changing and unpredictable Small Group Communication - Conflict Conflict (Defined): an extended struggle between at least two interdependent people, who perceive incompatible goals, scare resources, or interference from others – and who are attempting to achieve specific goals Types of Conflict: Pseudoconflict: triggered by a lack of understanding Simple Conflict: stemming from different ideas, definitions, perceptions, goals Ego Conflict: when conflict gets personal Conflict Management Styles Avoidance: side-step issues, hope problem will go away own its own Accommodation: give in to the demands of others Competition: incorporate a win-lost philosophy; claim victory at the expense of others Compromise: attempt to find a middle ground; develop a solution that somewhat meets the needs of everyone involved Collaboration: negotiation to achieve a positive solution for all parties involved In-Class Activity: Applied Conflict Management 10 volunteers (break into pairs) Goal: to illustrate the effective strategies of conflict management HYPO: Four roommates have just finished decorating their new place, and want to host a housewarming party for the following evening. One of the roommates recently discovered that their parents are planning a last-minute visit to see the place; consequently, s/he requests that the party be canceled. The two other roommates refuse his/her request. Small Group Communication – Conflict Management Skills 1. Manage your emotions Be aware of your emotions Understand why you’re becoming emotional Make a conscious decision about how to express emotions (avoid attacks) 2. Manage Information Take turns talking Listen Make sure you’re understanding the other person 3. Manage Goals Identify everyone’s goals, and where they overlap 4. Manage the Problem Use problem-solving structure (define and analyze problem, determine goals, generate solutions, select the best solution) For next week: NO CLASS MONDAY 2/23 – I will be at a conference Wednesday’s Topic: Communication conflicts and defensiveness