Download America Moves Toward War

America Moves Toward War

Japan an island nation had few natural
resources or markets.

The Japanese military had taken control of the
government and began invading nations of
Asia, particularly China & Manchuria.

U.S.A. soon cut off trade and froze Japan’s
assets in the U.S..

Japan soon realized that their aggressive
behaviors would soon bring the U.S. into the
war.
Pearl Harbor
“December 7th,
a day that will
live in infamy”
FDR

December 7, 1941 the Japanese launched a
surprise attack on the American naval base at
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

This attack crippled the American fleet, it destroyed
most of our battleships, killed 2,400 and wounded
another 1,200 servicemen.

The next day, Dec. 8, FDR asks Congress to declare
war against Japan, they did!

Germany and Italy responded by declaring war
against the U.S.A.
Forced Relocation of
Japanese Americans

The attack on Pearl Harbor created fear that
Japanese Americans (Nisei) might commit
sabotage along the West coast.

These fears were racially motivated since there was
no evidence that these Nisei were no more disloyal
than German or Italian Americans.

FDR issued Executive Order 9066 requiring all
Japanese Americans to be moved to internment
camps away from the West coast of the USA.
Internment of Japanese Americans
• The relocation of Japanese Americans raised constitutional issues in
wartime, Pres. FDR said the action was a military necessity.
• Korematsu was a Japanese American convicted of trying to remain in
a restricted area, he felt his civil rights had been violated.
• In the Supreme Court case of ”Korematsu v. U.S.” the Court upheld
the relocations on the grounds that in wartime constitutional liberties
may be limited.
• It would be 50 years before the U.S. government would apologize and
offer compensation.
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wiiJapaneseAmericansChildrenPledgingAllegia
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Japanese-American children in school.
Japanese-American soldiers
 112,000 Japanese-Americans were living in the West Coast of the
United States on December 7, 1941.
 On February 19, 1942 President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Executive Order 9066.
 Executive Order 9066 allowed the military to create exclusion zones and exclude any person
or group that they deemed a threat.
 Japanese-Americans were deemed dangerous and were excluded from the entire West
Coast.
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112,000 Japanese-Americans were relocated to
concentration camps in the interior of the United States.
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Many were given 48hours to sell all of their
belongings and relocate.
They were told to bring only what they could carry.
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Many were forced to sell their businesses.
http://www.nps.gov/manz/historyculture/images/WarRelocationMap.jpg
 The Japanese-Americans were sent to 10 remote camps in the western portion of the U.S.
 Housing consisted of military-style barracks.
 Adults could work for $5 a day and children were expected to attend school.
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memA
WWII ends in August 15, 1945.
The camps began to close down in October of 1945 until December of that same year.
Some camps will remain open until October of 1946.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Japanese_
American_Internment_Members_of_the_Shibuya_Family_in_Mo
untain_View,_California_1942.gif
• Japanese-Americans were incarcerated for almost 5 years and suffered immense
economic hardship.
• No Japanese-Americans were ever convicted of espionage or of any crimes against
the United States during WWII.
• In November 2, 1989, President George Bush signed Public law 101-162 which
guaranteed funds for reparation payments to the WW II internment survivors.